The septins FaCdc3 and FaCdc12 are required for cytokinesis and affect asexual and sexual development,lipid metabolism and virulence in Fusarium asiaticum

Septins are a highly conserved family of GTP‐binding proteins that contribute to many cellular and metabolic functions, including cell polarity, cytokinesis, cell morphogenesis and pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the septins FaCdc3 and FaCdc12 in the filamentous fungus Fusarium asiaticum. The functions of FaCdc3 and FaCdc12 were evaluated by constructing deletion mutants of FaCdc3 and FaCdc12, designated ΔFaCdc3‐5 and ΔFaCdc12‐71, respectively. The deletion mutants exhibited a reduced rate of mycelial growth, increased aerial hyphae formation, irregularly shaped hyphae, reduced conidiation and a lack of sexual reproduction in wheat kernels. Histochemical analysis revealed that the conidia and hyphae of ΔFaCdc3‐5 and ΔFaCdc12‐71 formed large lipid droplets (LDs). ΔFaCdc3‐5 and ΔFaCdc12‐71 also exhibited increased resistance to agents that induce osmotic stress and damage the cell membrane and cell wall. In addition, the hyphae and conidia of the two mutants formed fewer septa than those of the wild‐type and exhibited aberrant nuclear distribution. Pathogenicity assays showed that ΔFaCdc3‐5 and ΔFaCdc12‐71 exhibited reduced virulence on wheat spikelets, which was indirectly correlated with a reduced level of deoxynivalenol accumulation. All of these defects were restored by genetic complementation of the two mutants with the parental FaCdc3 and FaCdc12. These results indicate that FaCdc3 and FaCdc12 play a critical role in various cellular processes in F. asiaticum.     

Theoretical insights into the effects of molar ratios on stabilities,mechanical properties,and detonation performance of CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosives by molecular dynamics simulation

To research and estimate the effects of molar ratios on structures, stabilities, mechanical properties, and detonation properties of CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive, the CL-20/HMX cocrystal explosive models with different molar ratios were established in Materials Studio (MS). The crystal parameters, structures, stabilities, mechanical properties, and some detonation parameters of different cocrystal explosives were obtained and compared. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results illustrate that the molar ratios of CL-20/HMX have a direct influence on the comprehensive performance of cocrystal explosive. The hardness and rigidity of the 1:1 cocrystal explosive was the poorest, while the plastic property and ductibility were the best, thus implying that the explosive has the best mechanical properties. Besides, it has the highest binding energy, so the stability and compatibility is the best. The cocrystal explosive has better detonation performance than HMX. In a word, the 1:1 cocrystal explosive is worth more attention and further research. This paper could offer some theoretical instructions and technological support, which could help in the design of the CL-20 cocrystal explosive.     

Description of a new Neoactinomyxum type actinosporean from the oligochaete <Emphasis Type="Italic">Branchiura sowerbyi</Emphasis> Beddard

Actinosporean infection of oligochaetes living in the mud of a commercial gibel carp pond with myxosporean disease was studied. Six actinospore types were detected exclusively from the oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard with very high prevalence (18%). Five out of the six types were identified as the same actinosporeans described in previous reports, the sixth actinosporean was identified as a new Neoactinomyxum type and described here based on morphological and molecular characterisation. Spore body of the actinospore was globular, much smaller than caudal processes. Three caudal processes were disc-like in apical view, hemispherical in side view, closer together and encircling the spore body. The number of sporoplasm cells was detected as eight in one specimen. The new actinosporean markedly differed from other Neoactinomyxum types in literature having much bigger caudal processes. DNA sequence analyses further confirmed the morphological identification, and revealed the actinosporean described here (KU641392) possessed less than 94% sequence similarity with myxozoans available in the GenBank database.     

Soluble expression and purification of Brucella cell surface protein (BCSP31) of Brucella melitensis and preparation of anti-BCSP31 monoclonal antibodies

Brucella cell surface protein (BCSP31) is potentially useful for diagnosing brucellosis. We aimed to establish a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against Brucella melitensis BCSP31 and to investigate its distribution in diagnosis. Soluble recombinant BCSP31 was successfully expressed and purified. Two MAbs (1F1 and 1E5) against B. melitensis BCSP31, effective in detecting both recombinant and cellular proteins, were obtained and characterized. The MAbs did not react with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Bacillus aeruginosus, but strongly reacted with BCSP31 and B. melitensis by ELISA and Western blot analysis. We also tested different Brucella species and brucellosis using the prepared anti-BCSP31 MAbs. BCSP31 and anti-BCSP31 MAbs may play important roles in future research in diagnosing brucellosis.     

大肠埃希菌耐药性水平传播实验研究

目的研究重症监护病房（ICU）患者标本中分离的大肠埃希菌的耐药情况以及耐药性水平传播的实验研究。方法采取双纸片法（K-B）检测细菌的耐药性；产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠埃希菌为供体菌，耐利福平大肠埃希菌（对其他抗生素敏感）作为受体菌进行接合实验；采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术扩增整合子和耐药基因。结果30株大肠埃希菌中产ESBLs菌株检出率为46．7％；接合培养后，接合菌携带23kb和25kb大质粒，而无供体菌中一系列小质粒；供体菌和接合菌均携带I型整合子。结论大肠埃希菌耐药性严重，且呈多重耐药性；产ESBLs菌株可通过质粒和整合子将耐药基因转移给敏感菌，导致耐药性传播。     

安徽农药厂厂区及周边农田土壤线虫数量特征

为了解农药对不同植被下的土壤健康和土壤质量的影响, 在2006年10月对安徽省和县华星化工股份有限公司内外不同土地利用方式下土壤线虫数量和营养类群进行了调查, 包括厂内裸地(BIF)、厂内宝塔松林地(PIF)、厂外裸地(BOF)、厂外大豆地(SOF)、厂外水稻地(POF)、厂外玉米地(COF)。结果发现有植被覆盖的样地中土壤线虫总数显著多于裸地(P<0.01), 厂外裸地显著高于厂内裸地。在有植被覆盖的土壤中植物寄生类线虫为优势类群, 其中厂内松林地内植物寄生类线虫相对丰度最高, 达到84%。在裸地中以食细菌类线虫为优势类群, 厂外裸地和厂内裸地相对丰度分别为74%和72%。此次调查表明农药的过多使用会对土壤线虫的数量和相对丰度产生影响, 同时说明植被覆盖在减轻农药使用造成的环境污染中起着重要作用。     

Na2CO3胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

以‘津优一号’和‘春四’黄瓜为实验材料,采用砂培法研究了Na2CO3胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果显示,随着Na2CO3浓度的增大,两个黄瓜品种的幼苗根冠比逐渐下降,叶绿素含量先上升后下降,可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性逐渐上升;‘津优一号’的相对电导率和丙二醛含量随Na2CO3浓度的增大逐渐增加,而‘春四’的相对电导率和丙二醛含量在20 mmol.L-1时最低,此后逐渐上升。主成分分析结果显示,丙二醛含量、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素b,这5项指标在评价黄瓜幼苗的Na2CO3耐性方面是比较重要的。结合这5项指标综合分析,发现‘津优一号’较‘春四’有较强的耐碱性。