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1.
Chromium present in the forms of Cr(VI) or Cr(III) in soils. Since the toxicity and mobility of Cr(VI) are higher than those
of Cr(III), it would be important to estimate soil Cr(VI) accurately in order to assess the phytotoxicity of Cr. Soil redox
potential can influence the distribution of Cr between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) forms, and thus an in situ method which is not affected by the soil redox condition is needed for determining Cr(VI) availability in paddy fields. In
this study, the Cu-saturated selective ion exchange resin (DOWEX M4159), serving as an infinite sink, was embedded in soils
to extract available Cr(VI) from three representative saturated soils with different amounts of Cr(VI). The results suggested
that Cr(VI) reduction occurred in the flooded soils, and the acid environment favored the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI).
There was a significant dose-response relationship between the soil resin-extractable Cr(VI) and the plant height of rice
seedlings for test soils. The experimental results suggested that the embedded selective ion exchange resin method could be
a suitable in situ method for assessing the phytotoxicity of Cr in flooded soils. 相似文献
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Dao-Chen Lin Chi-Yu Huang Wei-Hsin Ting Fu-Sung Lo Chiung-Ling Lin Horng-Woei Yang Tzu-Yang Chang Chao-Hsu Lin Yao-Wei Tzeng Wan-Syuan Yang Yue-Li Juang Yann-Jinn Lee 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2019,1865(2):428-433
Monogenic diabetes is caused by mutations that reduce β-cell function. While Sanger sequencing is the standard method used to detect mutated genes. Next-generation sequencing techniques, such as whole exome sequencing (WES), can be used to find multiple gene mutations in one assay. We used WES to detect genetic mutations in both permanent neonatal (PND) and type 1B diabetes (T1BD).A total of five PND and nine T1BD patients were enrolled in this study. WES variants were assessed using VarioWatch, excluding those identified previously. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the mutations, and their pathogenicity was established via the literature or bioinformatic/functional analysis. The PND and T1BD patients were diagnosed at 0.1–0.5 and 0.8–2.7?years of age, respectively. Diabetic ketoacidosis was present at diagnosis in 60% of PND patients and 44.4% of T1BD patients. We found five novel mutations in five different genes. Notably, patient 602 had a novel homozygous missense mutation c.1295C?>?A (T432?K) in the glucokinase (GCK) gene. Compared to the wild-type recombinant protein, the mutant protein had significantly lower enzymatic activity (2.5%, p?=?0.0002) and Vmax (1.23?±?0.019 vs. 0.33?±?0.016, respectively; p?=?0.005). WES is a robust technique that can be used to unravel the etiologies of genetically heterogeneous forms of diabetes. Homozygous inactivating mutations of the GCK gene may have a significant role in PND pathogenesis. 相似文献
4.
On the difference in the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between deciduous and evergreen forests in the southeastern United States 下载免费PDF全文
Kimberly A. Novick A. Christopher Oishi Eric J. Ward Mario B. S. Siqueira Jehn‐Yih Juang Paul C. Stoy 《Global Change Biology》2015,21(2):827-842
The southeastern United States is experiencing a rapid regional increase in the ratio of pine to deciduous forest ecosystems at the same time it is experiencing changes in climate. This study is focused on exploring how these shifts will affect the carbon sink capacity of southeastern US forests, which we show here are among the strongest carbon sinks in the continental United States. Using eight‐year‐long eddy covariance records collected above a hardwood deciduous forest (HW) and a pine plantation (PP) co‐located in North Carolina, USA, we show that the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was more variable in PP, contributing to variability in the difference in NEE between the two sites (ΔNEE) at a range of timescales, including the interannual timescale. Because the variability in evapotranspiration (ET) was nearly identical across the two sites over a range of timescales, the factors that determined the variability in ΔNEE were dominated by those that tend to decouple NEE from ET. One such factor was water use efficiency, which changed dramatically in response to drought and also tended to increase monotonically in nondrought years (P < 0.001 in PP). Factors that vary over seasonal timescales were strong determinants of the NEE in the HW site; however, seasonality was less important in the PP site, where significant amounts of carbon were assimilated outside of the active season, representing an important advantage of evergreen trees in warm, temperate climates. Additional variability in the fluxes at long‐time scales may be attributable to slowly evolving factors, including canopy structure and increases in dormant season air temperature. Taken together, study results suggest that the carbon sink in the southeastern United States may become more variable in the future, owing to a predicted increase in drought frequency and an increase in the fractional cover of southern pines. 相似文献
5.
Objectives
To examine the association of individual income and end of life (EOL) care in older cancer decedents in Taiwan.Design
Retrospective cohort study.Setting
National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan.Participants
28,978 decedents >65 years were diagnosed with cancer and died during 2009-2011 in Taiwan. Of these decedents, 10941, 16535, and 1502 were categorized by individual income as having low, moderate, and high SES, respectively.Main outcome measures
Indicators of aggressiveness of EOL care: chemotherapy use before EOL, more than one emergency department (ER) visit, more than one hospital admission, hospital length of stay >14 days, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and dying in a hospital.Results
Low individual income was associated with more aggressive EOL treatment (estimate -0.30 for moderate income, -0.27 for high income, both p<0.01). The major source of aggressiveness was the tendency for older decedents with low income to die in the acute care hospital. The indicators had an increasing trend from 2009 to 2011, except for hospital stay >14 days.Conclusions
Low individual income is associated with more aggressive EOL treatment in older cancer decedents. Public health providers should make available appropriate education and hospice resources to these decedents and their families, to reduce the amount of aggressive terminal care such decedents receive. 相似文献6.
Juliann G Kiang Phillip D Bowman Brian W Wu Nyasa Hampton Andrew G Kiang Baiteng Zhao Yuang-Taung Juang James L Atkins George C Tsokos 《Journal of applied physiology》2004,97(2):564-569
The aim of this study was to determine whether hemorrhage affects the levels of a variety of stress-related proteins and whether changes can be inhibited by drugs reported to provide protection from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Male Swiss Webster mice were subjected to a 40% hemorrhage without resuscitation. Western blot analysis indicated that c-Jun (an AP-1 protein), Kruppel-like factor 6 (KFL6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were upregulated sequentially in that order. Pretreatment of mice with geldanamycin (GA) 16 h before hemorrhage effectively inhibited the expression of the proteins KLF6 and iNOS, whereas caffeic acid phenethyl ester did not. GA pretreatment increased inducible heat shock protein (HSP) 70 but not HSP90 in both sham and hemorrhagic tissues. The overexpressed inducible HSP70 formed complexes with KLF6 and iNOS. These results suggest that GA may be therapeutically useful for reducing hemorrhage-induced injury when used as a presurgical treatment or when added to resuscitation fluids. 相似文献
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8.
Cliques in mitotic spindle network bring kinetochore‐associated complexes to form dependence pathway
Tzu‐Chi Chen Sheng‐An Lee Chen‐Hsiung Chan Yue‐Li Juang Yi‐Ren Hong Yei‐Hsuan Huang Jin‐Mei Lai Cheng‐Yan Kao Chi‐Ying F. Huang 《Proteomics》2009,9(16):4048-4062
The mitotic spindle is an essential molecular machine for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Achieving a better understanding of its organization at the topological level remains a daunting task. To determine the functional connections among 137 mitotic spindle proteins, a protein–protein interaction network among queries was constructed. Many hub proteins, which connect more than one query and serve as highly plausible candidates for expanding the mitotic spindle proteome, are ranked by conventional degree centrality and a new subnetwork specificity score. Evaluation of the ranking results by literature reviews and empirical verification of SEPT6, a novel top‐ranked hub, suggests that the subnetwork specificity score could enrich for putative spindle‐related proteins. Topological analysis of this expanded network shows the presence of 30 3‐cliques and six 4‐cliques (fully connected subgraphs) that, respectively, reside in eight kinetochore‐associated complexes, of which seven are evolution conserved. Notably, these complexes strikingly form dependence pathways for the assembly of the kinetochore complex. These analyses indicate the feasibility of using network topology, i.e. cliques, to uncover novel pathways to accelerate our understanding of potential biological processes. 相似文献
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10.
Chia-Hsiang Hsueh Wen-Pin Chen Jiunn-Lee Lin Chia-Ti Tsai Yen-Bin Liu Jyh-Ming Juang Hsuan-Ming Tsao Ming-Jai Su Ling-Ping Lai 《Journal of biomedical science》2009,16(1):23
The Brugada syndrome is characterized by ST segment elevation in the right precodial leads V1-V3 on surface ECG accompanied
by episodes of ventricular fibrillation causing syncope or even sudden death. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead
to Brugada syndrome are not yet completely understood. However, SCN5A is the most well known responsible gene that causes
Brugada syndrome. Until now, more than a hundred mutations in SCN5A responsible for Brugada syndrome have been described.
Functional studies of some of the mutations have been performed and show that a reduction of human cardiac sodium current
accounts for the pathogenesis of Brugada syndrome. Here we reported three novel SCN5A mutations identified in patients with
Brugada syndrome in Taiwan (p.I848fs, p.R965C, and p.1876insM). Their electrophysiological properties were altered by patch
clamp analysis. The p.I848fs mutant generated no sodium current. The p.R965C and p.1876insM mutants produced channels with
steady state inactivation shifted to a more negative potential (9.4 mV and 8.5 mV respectively), and slower recovery from
inactivation. Besides, the steady state activation of p.1876insM was altered and was shifted to a more positive potential
(7.69 mV). In conclusion, the SCN5A channel defect related to Brugada syndrome might be diverse but all resulted in a decrease
of sodium current. 相似文献