Detection and characterization of three zoonotic viruses in wild rodents and shrews from Shenzhen city,China

Diverse species of rodents and shrews, which are abundant worldwide, harbor a variety of viruses;some of these are closely related to human viruses and possess zoonotic potential. Previously studies have demonstrated that the mammarenavirus and hantavirus carried by rodents or shrews could cause diseases in human population. To determine the distribution of zoonotic viruses in Shenzhen city, the major city in southern China with a high population density, we analyzed 225 rodents(Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus) and 196 shrews(Suncus murinus) from urban and rural districts for the presence of mammarenavirus, hantavirus, and hepatitis E virus(HEV) by RT-PCR targeting the conserved regions. The infection rates for mammarenavirus, hantaviruses,and HEV in rodents and shrews were 3.56%, 6.89%, and 1.66%, respectively. Partial genome fragment analysis indicated that mammarenavirus and hantavirus strains had more than 90% and 99% nucleic acid identity with Cardamones virus and Seoul virus, respectively, which cause diseases in humans. Although the present HEV strains identified are typically found worldwide,phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a divergence of 16%. To our knowledge, the present work is the first report of the prevalence of mammarenavirus, hantaviruses, and rat HEV strains in rodents and shrews from Shenzhen city, China. Our findings highlight the zoonotic potential of rodent-and shrew-borne mammarenavirus and hantavirus, and the biodiversity of rat HEV isolates in Shenzhen city. The present work suggests that utilization of good hygiene habits is important to minimize the risk of zoonosis.     

基于Desirability函数法对米根霉发酵制备富马酸的多目标优化

以富马酸产量和生产速率为目标，通过正交实验考察了种龄，接种量，葡萄糖和尿素浓度对两者的影响，进一步利用基于响应曲面方法的Desirability函数确定了葡萄糖和尿素的最佳浓度。结果表明，最佳的种龄和接种量分别为36h和15%，葡萄糖和尿素的优化浓度为132.73和0.0586g/l，此时模型预测的富马酸产量和生产速率达到71.42g/l和0.804g/(l.h)，Desirability的函数值高达0.966。该条件下在5L发酵罐水平上进行验证试验，经过88h的发酵最终生成富马酸66.5g/l，生产速率达到0.755 g/(l.h)，与未优化前相比，产量和生产速率分别提高了13.9%和15.8%，取得了理想的效果，实现了产量和生产速率的同时优化，为发酵法制备富马酸的工业化放大奠定了基础。     

顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法分析河南产紫丁香挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术（HS—SPME—GC—MS），首次分析了河南产紫丁香花营和花的挥发性成分。从紫丁香花蕾和花中共鉴定了65种组分，其中17个成分是二者共有的；酯类化合物只存在于花蕾中，而酸类和醇类化合物在花中的含量较高。这表明酯类化合物在紫丁香花开放的过程中可能逐步被植物体内的水解酶水解成酸类和醇类化合物。     

工科院校微生物学实验教学改革与实践

传统的微生物学实验教学方法和内容存在着许多不足.因此,我们从实验教学内容、教学模式和实验考核方法等方面进行了改革和探索,将微生物学实验单独设课,并增设了微生物学综合实验.结果显示新的实验教学模式更有利于培养学生的动手能力、创新能力以及综合能力,其教学效果大大提高.     

关节镜下逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折36例分析

目的:探讨关节镜下逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效、特点及其必要性.方法:采用关节镜下逆行交锁髓内钉进行手术治疗36例股骨远端骨折.结果:36例中膝关节内病损17例,经随访6个月至2年,平均10月,膝关节活动度90°～140°,平均125°.骨折愈合时间3～9个月,平均6个月.结论:关节镜引导下逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折,同时对膝关节内损伤或病变明确诊断并进行相应处理,避免漏诊,手术时间短,最大限度地保留了膝关节的解剖与功能的完整性,对膝关节损伤小,值得推广.     

苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病力分析及苹果种质抗病性鉴定

苹果炭疽叶枯病是由胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)引起的一种真菌病害,现已上升为世界苹果生产中的主要病害之一。了解不同来源的苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病力差异及明确苹果种质资源对苹果炭疽叶枯病的抗性,对品种选育、品种合理布局以及控制病害的流行具有重要的参考价值。本研究对不同来源的79株病原菌进行了室内致病力测定,获知该菌致病力差异明显,其中强致病力菌株所占比例大。同时,本研究也对327份苹果种质资源进行了室内抗病性鉴定,其中高抗资源160份,中抗资源6份,中感资源22份,高感资源139份。表明我国现保存的苹果种质资源中存在丰富抗病种质。进一步按苹果分类系统分析发现,抗病资源在当前栽培的主要品种群中均有分布,特别是红玉品种群、富士品种群抗病资源最为丰富。     

Population suppression of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) using yellow sticky traps and Eretmocerus nr. rajasthanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on tomato plants in greenhouses

We conducted three experiments for management of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype ‘B’ on tomatoes under greenhouse conditions: (i) vertically placing yellow sticky cards either parallel or perpendicular to tomato rows at a rate of 1 per 3‐m row; (ii) releasing Eretmocerus sp. nr. rajasthanicus once at 30 adults/m² in the high whitefly density greenhouses (> 10 adults/plant), or twice at 15 adults/m² at a 5‐day interval in the low whitefly density greenhouses (< 10 adults/plant); and (iii) using combinations of yellow sticky cards that were placed vertically parallel to tomato rows and parasitoids released once at 30/m² in high whitefly density greenhouses or twice at 15/m² at a 5‐day interval in low whitefly density greenhouses. Our data show that yellow sticky cards trapped B. tabaci adults and significantly reduced whitefly populations on tomato. The yellow sticky cards that were placed parallel to tomato rows caught significantly more whitefly adults than those placed perpendicular to tomato rows on every sampling date. In the treatment where parasitoids were released once at 30/m² in high whitefly density greenhouses, the number of live whitefly nymphs were reduced from 4.6/leaf to 2.9/leaf in 40 days as compared with those on untreated plants on which live whitefly nymphs increased from 4.4/leaf to 8.9/leaf. In the treatment where parasitoids were released twice at 15/m² in low whitefly density greenhouses, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 2.1/leaf to 1.7/leaf in 20 days as compared with those on untreated plants on which numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci increased from 2.2/leaf to 4.5/leaf. In the treatment of yellow sticky cards and parasitoid release once at 30/m² in high whitefly density greenhouses, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 7.2/leaf to 1.9/leaf, and in the treatment of yellow sticky cards and parasitoid release twice at 15/m² at a 5‐day interval at low whitefly density, the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on tomato leaves were reduced from 2.5/leaf to 0.8/leaf; whereas the numbers of live nymphs of B. tabaci on untreated plants increased from 4.4/leaf to 8.9/leaf. An integrated program for management of B. tabaci on greenhouse vegetables by using yellow sticky cards, parasitoids and biorational insecticides is discussed.     

植物环蛋白的结构

简要介绍了植物环蛋白的定义、结构特点、研究历史、分布、提取分离方法、化学合成与生物合成、生物活性与生物功能。并主要以从紫花蔓地丁( Viola labridorica) 中分离得到的六个环蛋白之一, cycloviolacin O2 为例介绍通过还原酶解- 质谱与二维核磁共振谱结合鉴定环蛋白结构的研究方法。