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Satoshi Nasu Kenji Yamaguchi Shigeki Sakakibara Hideto Imai Iwao Ueda 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1981,677(1):109-119
The intraperitoneal or oral administration of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine 2-carboxylic acid) resulted in a marked increase of the NAD content in rat liver. The injections of pyrazine and pyrazine 2,3-dicarboxylic acid exhibited no significant effect on the hepatic NAD content. The boiled extract obtained from liver and kidney of rat injected with either pyrazinamide or pyrazinoic acid exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.45) activity in either liver or kidney, although pyrazinamide or pyrazinoic acid per se did not inhibit the enzyme activity. The unknown inhibitor of aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase was dialysable and heat-stable, and mostly excreted in urine by 6 and 12 h after injection of pyrazinoic acid and pyrazinamide, respectively. Pyrazine 2,3-dicarboxylic acid, pyrazine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, tryptophan, anthranilic acid, 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid exhibited no significant effect on the aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase activity in liver and kidney at the concentration of 1 mM in the reaction mixture. The expired 14CO2 from l-[benzen ring-U-14C]tryptophan was markedly decreased by the pyrazinamide injection, while the urinary excretion of 14C-labeled metabolites from l-tryptophan, mainly quinolinic acid, was markedly increased. These results suggest that the glutarate pathway of l-tryptophan was strongly inhibited by the inhibitor produced after the administration of pyrazinoic acid and pyrazinamide. Pyrazinamide but not pyrazinoic acid also exhibited a significant inhibition of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in rat liver. 相似文献
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Iwao Koyama Haruo Yamagami Toyoyasu Kuwae Munetsugu Kurata 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1982,23(6):777-785
The release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6KF1α)_and of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) from cells were investigated using mouse peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) and non-cultured peritoneal macrophages. They were prepared by adhesion to glass dishes and incubated for 1 hr at 37°C in 5% Co2 in air. Both the percentage of spreading macrophages and the release of 6KF1α and TXb2 increased in proportion to the incubation time. 6KF1α and TXB2 were released from the macrophages, not from the non-adherent cells. When PECs were incubated in silicon-coated glass dishes, the spreading of macrophages was hardly detected and lower amounts of 6KF1α and TXB2 were released from these cells compared with cells incubated in non-treated glass dishes. These findings suggest that adhesion with the correlated spreading of macrophages on glass dishes serve as a considerable physical factor for the release of 6KF1α and TXB2. 相似文献
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Iwao Ohtsu Yusuke Kawano Marina Suzuki Susumu Morigasaki Kyohei Saiki Shunsuke Yamazaki Gen Nonaka Hiroshi Takagi 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Intracellular thiols like L-cystine and L-cystine play a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes. Here we show that Escherichia coli has two L-cystine transporters, the symporter YdjN and the ATP-binding cassette importer FliY-YecSC. These proteins import L-cystine, an oxidized product of L-cystine from the periplasm to the cytoplasm. The symporter YdjN, which is expected to be a new member of the L-cystine regulon, is a low affinity L-cystine transporter (K
m = 1.1 μM) that is mainly involved in L-cystine uptake from outside as a nutrient. E. coli has only two L-cystine importers because ΔydjNΔyecS mutant cells are not capable of growing in the minimal medium containing L-cystine as a sole sulfur source. Another protein YecSC is the FliY-dependent L-cystine transporter that functions cooperatively with the L-cystine transporter YdeD, which exports L-cystine as reducing equivalents from the cytoplasm to the periplasm, to prevent E. coli cells from oxidative stress. The exported L-cystine can reduce the periplasmic hydrogen peroxide to water, and then generated L-cystine is imported back into the cytoplasm via the ATP-binding cassette transporter YecSC with a high affinity to L-cystine (K
m = 110 nM) in a manner dependent on FliY, the periplasmic L-cystine-binding protein. The double disruption of ydeD and fliY increased cellular levels of lipid peroxides. From these findings, we propose that the hydrogen peroxide-inducible L-cystine/L-cystine shuttle system plays a role of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide before lipid peroxidation occurs, and then might specific prevent damage to membrane lipids. 相似文献
7.
Kazuhiko Tsuruya Hisako Yoshida Naoki Haruyama Kiichiro Fujisaki Hideki Hirakata Takanari Kitazono 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Background & Objectives
It is well known that cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by executive dysfunction, rather than memory dysfunction, although the precise mechanism of this remains to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study is to examine the correlation between gray matter volume (GMV) and executive function in CKD patients.Design, Setting, Participants, Measurements
This cross-sectional study recruited 95 patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) with no history of cerebrovascular disease, who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Trail Making Test (TMT) in the VCOHP Study. The subjects underwent brain MRI and TMT part A (TMT-A) and part B (TMT-B). The segmentation algorithm from Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 software was applied to every T1-weighted MRI scan to extract tissue maps corresponding to gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. GMV was normalized by dividing by the total intracranial volume, calculated by adding GMV, white matter volume, and cerebrospinal fluid space volume. Then, normalized whole-brain GMV was divided into four categories of brain lobes; frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. We assessed the correlation between normalized GMV and TMT using multivariable regression analysis.Results
Normalized whole-brain GMV was significantly inversely correlated to the scores of TMT-A, TMT-B, and ΔTMT (TMT-B minus TMT-A). These correlations remained significant even after adjusting for relevant confounding factors. Normalized frontal and temporal GMV, but not parietal and occipital GMV, were significantly inversely correlated with TMT-A, TMT-B, and ΔTMT using multivariable regression analysis.Conclusions
The present study demonstrates the correlation between normalized GMV, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes, and executive function, suggesting that fronto-temporal gray matter atrophy might contribute to executive dysfunction in NDD-CKD. 相似文献8.
9.
Ikuko Fujisaki Kenneth G. Rice Leonard G. Pearlstine Frank J. Mazzotti 《Hydrobiologia》2009,635(1):329-338
Feeding opportunities of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in freshwater wetlands in south Florida are closely linked to hydrologic conditions. In the Everglades, seasonally and annually
fluctuating surface water levels affect populations of aquatic organisms that alligators consume. Since prey becomes more
concentrated when water depth decreases, we hypothesized an inverse relationship between body condition and water depth in
the Everglades. On average, condition of adult alligators in the dry season was significantly higher than in the wet season,
but this was not the case for juveniles/subadults. The correlation between body condition and measured water depth at capture
locations was weak; however, there was a significant negative correlation between the condition and predicted water depth
prior to capture for all animals except for spring juveniles/subadults which had a weak positive condition–water depth relationship.
Overall, a relatively strong inverse correlation occurred at 10–49 days prior to the capture day, suggesting that current
body condition of alligators may depend on feeding opportunities during that period. Fitted regression of body condition on
water depth (mean depth of 10 days when condition-water depth correlation was greatest) resulted in a significantly negative
slope, except for spring adult females and spring juveniles/subadults for which slopes were not significantly different from
zero. Our results imply that water management practices may be critical for alligators in the Everglades since water depth
can affect animal condition in a relatively short period of time. 相似文献
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