The Coffea arabica Fungal Pathosystem in New Caledonia: Interactions at Two Different Spatial Scales

The simultaneous analysis of epidemiological and environmental variables could contribute to the determination of the main factors which govern the epidemic dynamics of diseases (i.e. rust, anthracnose and Cercospora leaf spot) in Coffea arabica. With this in mind, the condition of previously marked leaves in 29 plots. which were grouped in 11 different sites in New Caledonia. were surveyed monthly. In the same period, the environmental characteristics of the plots (soil type, climate, etc.)were determined. Statistical analysis of these data revealed significant correlations between pathology and the environment. at the sites’ level (analysis of the mean site values) as well as at the plots' level (analysis of the deviations with the mean site value). The site effects predominated: at those sites in which rust was the major disease, leaf and branch mortality were more pronounced than at sites in which anthracnose or Cercospora leaf spot predominated. Rust was generally associated with soil pH values that were favourable for coffee tree development. with poor soil structure and with large temperature ranges. Within a site. plot exposure to sun and wind could enhance anthracnose and Cercospora leaf spot. Finally, in New Caledonia the three variables soil pH, soil structure and temperature range allow a simple and satisfactory estimation of the epidemiological risks in a given plot.     

Time, Process and Structured Transformation in Archaeology

Time, Process and Structured Transformation in Archaeology. Sander E. van der Leeuw and James McGlade. eds. New York: Routledge, 1997.484pp.     

Selective inactivation of rabbit muscle glycerophosphate dehydrogenase by diazotized 3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide.

Incorporation of a proline analog into collagen polypeptides was studied by incubating matrix-free tendon cells from 17-day-old chick embryos with cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline. Velocity sedimentation of intracellular polypeptides provided further evidence that incorporation of the analog into protein prevented the pro-α- and pro-γ-chains of procollagen from folding into a stable triple-helical conformation. The size of the newly synthesized intracellular and extracellular protein was examined under conditions which prevented proteolysis during processing of the samples. In contrast to previous observations, the results demonstrated that there was little if any intracellular degradation of nonhelical pro-α-and pro-γ-chains containing the proline analog, and a fraction of the nonhelical pro-γ-chains was secreted into the medium without extensive degradation. In further studies, the cells were incubated with ¹⁴C lysine, and the synthesis of glycosylated hydroxylysyl residues was measured in control cells and in cells incubated with cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline. The results demonstrated that the content of glycosylated hydroxylysyl residues in nonhelical pro-γ-chains containing cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline was increased twofold as compared to the triple-helical procollagen in control cells. The results suggested that under control conditions folding into the triplehelical conformation limits the extent of glycosylation of collagen. If folding is prevented or delayed, procollagen polypeptides are more extensively glycosylated.     

The role of patient expectations in predicting outcome after total knee arthroplasty

Introduction  

Patient's expectations are variably reported to influence self-rated outcome and satisfaction after medical treatment; this prospective study examined which of the following was the most important unique determinant of global outcome/satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA): baseline expectations; fulfilment of expectations; or current symptoms and function.