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排序方式: 共有1307条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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Effects of menstrual cycle on metabolic responses to exercise 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Laurent Verkoczy M. Anthony Moody T. Matt Holl Hilary Bouton-Verville Richard M. Scearce Jennifer Hutchinson S. Munir Alam Garnett Kelsoe Barton F. Haynes 《PloS one》2009,4(10)
The membrane proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41 has several features that make it an attractive antibody-based vaccine target, but eliciting an effective gp41 MPER-specific protective antibody response remains elusive. One fundamental issue is whether the failure to make gp41 MPER-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies like 2F5 and 4E10 is due to structural constraints with the gp41 MPER, or alternatively, if gp41 MPER epitope-specific B cells are lost to immunological tolerance. An equally important question is how B cells interact with, and respond to, the gp41 MPER epitope, including whether they engage this epitope in a non-canonical manner i.e., by non-paratopic recognition via B cell receptors (BCR). To begin understanding how B cells engage the gp41 MPER, we characterized B cell-gp41 MPER interactions in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, we found that a significant (∼7%) fraction of splenic B cells from BALB/c, but not C57BL/6 mice, bound the gp41 MPER via their BCRs. This strain-specific binding was concentrated in IgMhi subsets, including marginal zone and peritoneal B1 B cells, and correlated with enriched fractions (∼15%) of gp41 MPER-specific IgM secreted by in vitro-activated splenic B cells. Analysis of Igha (BALB/c) and Ighb (C57BL/6) congenic mice demonstrated that gp41 MPER binding was controlled by determinants of the Igha locus. Mapping of MPER gp41 interactions with IgMa identified MPER residues distinct from those to which mAb 2F5 binds and demonstrated the requirement of Fc CH regions. Importantly, gp41 MPER ligation produced detectable BCR-proximal signaling events, suggesting that interactions between gp41 MPER and IgMa determinants may elicit partial B cell activation. These data suggest that low avidity, non-paratopic interactions between the gp41 MPER and membrane Ig on naïve B cells may interfere with or divert bnAb responses. 相似文献
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The effects of a school development program on self-concept 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
School improvement programs are often assessed in terms of their effect on school climate and education outcomes. The School Development Program (SDP) of the Yale Child Study Center has been shown to have a positive influence on those two factors. We also recognize the importance of positively influencing students' affective, intra-personal, and motivational states, such as their self-evaluations. The present study examined the effects of the SDP on multiple dimensions of students' self-concepts. The Piers Harris Self-Concept Scale was administered to 174 fourth and sixth graders, half of whom attended SDP schools and half control schools. Significant positive changes in self-concept were observed among the SDP students but not among the control students. Program students also showed significantly higher self-concepts on post-test measures when compared to normative samples. 相似文献