依赖于微环境的TGFβ信号

转化生长因子β（transforming growth factor β，TGFβ）家族成员是一类分泌的细胞因子，在胚胎发育、免疫调节、伤口修复、细胞增殖和抑制等过程中发挥重要作用。其中,TGFβ1、TGFβ2和TGFβ3在进化上最晚出现，并以潜伏态分泌。有别于家族中的大多数成员，TGFβ1-3的信号具有时空区域性，并依赖于其所处的微环境。阐明依赖于微环境的TGFβ信号的多层次调控机制对于理解TGFβ信号在免疫、癌症等生理、病理条件下的功能，以及开发临床治疗策略具有重要意义。本文从TGFβ前体复合物的结构入手，并从TGFβ的激活，配体-受体识别，跨膜信号传导及转录调控等方面，论述依赖于微环境的TGFβ信号的调控机制，同时讨论肿瘤微环境中多效的TGFβ信号，进而对今后的研究方向进行展望。     

Nephrotoxic Lesions from 5-Aminosalicylic Acid

5-Aminosalicylic acid given to rats as a single intravenous injection led to necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubules and of the renal papilla. These two lesions developed at the same time and the cortical lesions did not appear to be a consequence of the renal papillary necrosis. Since the compound possesses the molecular structure both of a phenacetin derivative and of a salicylate these observations may be relevant to the problem of renal damage incident to abuse of analgesic compounds and suggest the possibility that in this syndrome cortical lesions may develop independently of renal papillary necrosis.     

Proteomic Profiling of Mouse Helper T Cell Differentiation

Helper T cell differentiation is a key process in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. Here, mouse Th1 and Th2 cells are profiled using high‐throughput proteomics to increase the understanding of the molecular biology of Th differentiation to support the design of prophylactic and therapeutic intervention strategies for (infectious) diseases. Protein profiling of Th1/Th2 differentiated cells results in the quantification of almost 6000 proteins of which 41 are differentially expressed at FDR < 0.1, and 19 at the FDR < 0.05 level, respectively. Differential protein expression analysis identifies a number of the expected canonical Th differentiation markers, and gene set analysis using the REACTOME database and a hypergeometric test (FDR < 0.05) confirms that helper T cell pathways are the top sets that are differentially expressed. Additionally, by network analysis, many differentially expressed proteins are associated with the Th1 and Th2 pathways. Data are available via PRIDE database with identifier PXD004532.     

不同大豆连作年限对黑土细菌群落结构的影响

大豆连作导致作物产量下降、病原微生物富集和土壤退化等问题日趋严重。然而,目前关于大豆连作对土壤细菌群落结构组成及多样性分布的影响及发生机制尚不清楚。采用高通量测序技术,对大豆连作(不同年限)和大豆-玉米轮作下的黑土细菌16S rRNA基因进行测序分析。结果表明:轮作5年(CR5)和13年长期连作(CC13)处理显著增加了土壤pH、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和速效养分(AN、AP和AK)含量。与短期连作相比,CR5和CC13处理均提高了细菌群落的OTUs数量、PD值、Chao1指数和Shannon指数。聚类分析图谱结果显示细菌群落结构组成受到轮作和连作年限的双重影响,而土壤pH、TN、TP、AN、AP和AK是细菌群落结构发生变化的主要驱动因子(P0.05)。此外,VPA分析发现上述土壤因子中,土壤pH对细菌群落结构变化的贡献度最大。本研究证明大豆长期连作提高了土壤养分含量和细菌群落的丰富度和多样性指数,从分子生物学的角度证实大豆长期连作在一定程度上改善了土壤环境,为大豆连作障碍的研究提供了理论依据。