Expression patterns of two <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">At3g43860, At4g39000</Emphasis>) in reproductive development

Endo-β-1,4-D-glucanases (EGases) are a widespread and vital group of glycosyl hydrolases that generally break the β-1,4-glucosyl linkages. Studies of plant EGases have mainly been concentrated on vegetative growth, while little is currently known about their role in reproductive processes. Using the GUS reporter aided analysis of promoter activities, we identified the expression patterns of two putative Arabidopsis EGases genes (At3g43860 and At4g39000) whose promoters conferred specific localization of the GUS activity in reproductive organs. We found that At3g43860, which is similar to KOR in its protein structural organization, is expressed in mature pollen and the pollen tube, implying that it may have a role in pollen and pollen tube growth. At4g39000 was found to be activated in the developing ovules and seeds, especially at the micropylar end of the inner integuments and nucellus in a proximal-distal pattern. Our results suggested that the two EGases play specific roles in Arabidopsis sexual reproduction.     

中国实蝇检疫研究概况

实蝇（fruit fly）是为害水果和蔬菜的有害生物,这类害虫尤其是在果蔬的国际贸易中受到关注,多将其列为检疫性有害生物而置于有关的法规中。本文从应用于植物检疫的角度,着重就实蝇的监测和有关生物学的研究、实蝇鉴定技术研究、实蝇除害处理研究、建立实蝇非疫区、果园实蝇防治研究以及我国在水果国际双边贸易中的实蝇问题等多个方面的内容收集和介绍有关研究概况,对我国就以实蝇为内容的研究提供相关信息。     

HM0332和HM48-3菌株纯培养条件下解磷强度研究

室内研究结果说明,解磷细菌ＨＭ０３３２和ＨＭ４８－３菌株以磷矿粉为磷源,在纯培养条件下产生有机酸,分解转化磷矿粉,有效磷转化率即解磷强度分别为８．２８％和７．２６％。     

番石榴果实蝇与桃实蝇的形态区别

介绍我国口岸截获频率较高的2种形态相似的实蝇---番石榴果实蝇Bactrocera (Bactrocera) correcta(Bezzi) 和桃实蝇Bactrocera zonata Saunders的鉴别特征。两者主要区别在于桃实蝇具1对卵圆形黑色颜斑,中胸背板红褐色。     

Functional Roles of Three Cutin Biosynthetic Acyltransferases in Cytokinin Responses and Skotomorphogenesis

Cytokinins (CKs) regulate plant development and growth via a two-component signaling pathway. By forward genetic screening, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant named grow fast on cytokinins 1 (gfc1), whose seedlings grew larger aerial parts on MS medium with CK. gfc1 is allelic to a previously reported cutin mutant defective in cuticular ridges (dcr). GFC1/DCR encodes a soluble BAHD acyltransferase (a name based on the first four enzymes characterized in this family: Benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase, Anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase and Deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase) with diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity in vitro and is necessary for normal cuticle formation on epidermis in vivo. Here we show that gfc1 was a CK-insensitive mutant, as revealed by its low regeneration frequency in vitro and resistance to CK in adventitious root formation and dark-grown hypocotyl inhibition assays. In addition, gfc1 had de-etiolated phenotypes in darkness and was therefore defective in skotomorphogenesis. The background expression levels of most type-A Arabidopsis Response Regulator (ARR) genes were higher in the gfc1 mutant. The gfc1-associated phenotypes were also observed in the cutin-deficient glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4/8 (gpat4/8) double mutant [defective in glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) acyltransferase enzymes GPAT4 and GPAT8, which redundantly catalyze the acylation of G3P by hydroxyl fatty acid (OH-FA)], but not in the cutin-deficient mutant cytochrome p450, family 86, subfamily A, polypeptide 2/aberrant induction of type three 1 (cyp86A2/att1), which affects the biosynthesis of some OH-FAs. Our results indicate that some acyltransferases associated with cutin formation are involved in CK responses and skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.     

利用微卫星标记初步分析橘小实蝇4个地理种群的遗传多态性

橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Bactrocera)(Hendel)是我国重要的检疫性害虫,对果蔬生产及其国际贸易造成很大影响。作者运用微卫星分子标记技术,用6对微卫星引物对采自我国福建、广东、云南3个地区及邻近国越南橘小实蝇种群间的遗传关系进行了初步分析,结果显示上述4个橘小实蝇地理种群间存在一定的遗传差异,地理隔离是造成这一差异的主要原因。     

Expression patterns of two Arabidopsis endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes (At3g43860, At4g39000) in reproductive development

Endo-beta-1,4-D-glucanases (EGases) are a widespread and vital group of glycosyl hydrolases that generally break the beta-1,4-glucosyl linkages. Studies of plant EGases have mainly been concentrated on vegetative growth, while little is currently known about their role in reproductive processes. Using the GUS reporter aided analysis of promoter activities, we identified the expression patterns of two putative Arabidopsis EGases genes (At3g43860 and At4g39000) whose promoters conferred specific localization of the GUS activity in reproductive organs. We found that At3g43860, which is similar to KOR in its protein structural organization, is expressed in mature pollen and the pollen tube, implying that it may have a role in pollen and pollen tube growth. At4g39000 was found to be activated in the developing ovules and seeds, especially at the micropylar end of the inner integuments and nucellus in a proximal-distal pattern. Our results suggested that the two EGases play specific roles in Arabidopsis sexual reproduction.     

HM0332和HM48—3菌株纯培养条件下解磷强度研究

室内研究结果说明,解磷细菌ＨＭ０３３２和ＨＭ４８－３菌株以磷矿粉为磷源,在纯培养条件下产生有机酸,分解转化磷矿粉,有效磷转化率即解磷强度分别为８．２８％和７．２６％。     

Roles of the nuclear-encoded chloroplast SMR domain-containing PPR protein SVR7 in photosynthesis and oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis

The mutations of the plastid SMR domaincontaining PPR protein SVR7 were previously reported to cause a specific reduction in the chloroplast ATP synthase levels. Here, we isolated a new mutant allele of SVR7, named svr7-4, in which T-DNA is inserted into the initiation codon of SVR7. The rosette leaves of svr7-4, especially in the juvenile stage, showed a pale green phenotype as a result of a reduction in the chlorophyll levels. The values of P700 and Fv/Fm indicated that the photosynthetic capacities of both PSI and PSII were damaged in svr7-4. Furthermore, we found that the svr7-4 accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and showed lower photo-oxidative stress tolerance by histochemical staining and hydrogen peroxide bleaching experiments, respectively. The leaves of svr7-4 also had increased anthocyanins accumulation compared to that of wild-type (WT) when floated on water under light. Finally, we found that the expression levels of four abiotic stress-responsive genes including ZAT10, AtAPX1, CAT1 and AtGPX2 were up-regulated in svr7-4. SVR7 was expressed ubiquitously during plant development. These results indicate that SVR7 is important for normal photosynthesis and photo-oxidative stress responses in chloroplasts.     

检疫性害虫苹果异胫小卷蛾的形态特征及危害

苹果异胫小卷蛾Thaumatotibia(=Cryptophlebia)leucotreta(Meyrick)已成为非洲亚撒哈拉的大部分地区,南非、大西洋和印度洋岛屿上的重要经济害虫,严重危害玉米、棉花、柑橘、澳大利亚坚果、桃、李等果树和田间作物。本文对苹果异胫小卷蛾的分类地位、形态特征、分布、寄主、危害、生物学特性等进行简要介绍。