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1.
The molecular basis of potassium nutrition in plants 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Christina J. Smart David F. Garvin James P. Prince William J. Lucas Leon V. Kochian 《Plant and Soil》1996,187(1):81-89
Over the last five years, the cloning and characterization of K+ transport genes corresponding to K+ channels (KAT1, AKT1, KST1, AKT2), associated subunits (KAB1) and a high-affinity transporter (HKT1) has opened up important new avenues for research on plant K+ nutrition. With the abundance of molecular data now available it seems timely to link this information with the wealth of data previously accumulated on the physiology of plant K+ acquisition. The ultimate goal of all this research is to gain a better understanding of K+ transport and nutrition in the intact plant. Thus it is important to begin to integrate the molecular research with results from biochemical and physiological research conducted at the cellular, root and whole plant levels. This article will focus on describing the features of the cloned K+ transporters and their possible roles in mediating high- and low-affinity K+ uptake from the soil, as well as how K+ acquisition may be regulated.Abbreviations NEM
N-ethyl maleimide
- PCMBS
p-chloromercuribenzene sulphonic acid 相似文献
2.
3.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the gastrointestinal tract. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
J E Morley T J Garvin A E Pekary J M Hershman 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1977,79(1):314-318
TRH immunoreactivity has been shown to occur throughout the rat gastrointestinal tract. This immunoreactivity demonstrates parallelism with TRH, is destroyed by fresh human serum, and co-chromatographs with TRH on a Sephadex G-10 column and on a SP Sephadex C-25 column. In addition pancreatic extracts showed bioactivity in a mouse bioassay for TRH. 相似文献
4.
The reactions of purified, homogeneous bovine testicular hyaluronidase have been studied with radioactively labeled oligomers of hyalobiuronic acid, (GlcUA-GlcNAc)n, as substrates and acceptors. Transglycosylation occurs by transfer of a glycosyl residue with retention of configuration from a leaving group to an acceptor. On the basis of detailed examination of cleavage and transglycosylation patterns for the trimer; comparison of trimer, tetramer, and polymer as substrates; comparison of acceptors; equilibrium binding; and other data, it is proposed that the enzyme's active site consists of five subsites for hyalobiuronate residues. In the terminology of Schechter, I., and Berger, A. ((1966) Biochemistry 5, 3371), these are s2-s1-s' 2-s3, where the reducing terminus is to the right, and cleavage occurs between s1 and s' 1. It is proposed that subsite s'2 has a high affinity for a substrate residue, while s1 and s'1 have low substrate affinity, and s2 and s' 3 are intermediate in affinity. This proposal is seen to have mechanistic implications. The reactions of several substrates show similar bell-shaped pH dependences, with optima in the region of pH 5 to 5.5. 相似文献
5.
Numerous transposed sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I-II in aphids of the genus Sitobion (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products corresponding to 803 bp of the
cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA
COI-II) were deduced to consist of multiple haplotypes in three Sitobion
species. We investigated the molecular basis of these observations. PCR
products were cloned, and six clones from one individual per species were
sequenced. In each individual, one sequence was found commonly, but also
two or three divergent sequences were seen. The divergent sequences were
shown to be nonmitochondrial by sequencing from purified mtDNA and Southern
blotting experiments. All seven nonmitochondrial clones sequenced to
completion were unique. Nonmitochondrial sequences have a high proportion
of unique sites, and very few characters are shared between
nonmitochondrial clones to the exclusion of mtDNA. From these data, we
infer that fragments of mtDNA have been transposed separately (probably
into aphid chromosomes), at a frequency only known to be equalled in
humans. The transposition phenomenon appears to occur infrequently or not
at all in closely related genera and other aphids investigated. Patterns of
nucleotide substitution in mtDNA inferred over a parsimony tree are very
different from those in transposed sequences. Compared with mtDNA,
nonmitochondrial sequences have less codon position bias, more even
exchanges between A, G, C and T, and a higher proportion of nonsynonymous
replacements. Although these data are consistent with the transposed
sequences being under less constraint than mtDNA, changes in the
nonmitochondrial sequences are not random: there remains significant
position bias, and probable excesses of synonymous replacements and of
conservative inferred amino acid replacements. We conclude that a
proportion of the inferred change in the nonmitochondrial sequences
occurred before transposition. We believe that Sitobion aphids (and other
species exhibiting mtDNA transposition) may be important for studying the
molecular evolution of mtDNA and pseudogenes. However, our data highlight
the need to establish the true evolutionary relationships between sequences
in comparative investigations.
相似文献
6.
伴随着社会经济的发展,社会公平逐渐成为热点话题。社会公平问题不但体现在社会现象上,还对生态系统起着重要的影响。通过构建资本交换自主体模型,模拟社会财富分配动态过程,可观测资本交换熵指数变化情况,从而解释熵增原理。除此以外,不同系统的最终状态能达到的最大熵指数不同,用熵增原理与本文构建的最大熵指数模型可以对系统的生态公平进行纵向或横向评价。构建的资本交换熵模型也可以证明最大熵原理,同时,财富集中的现象将会使生态环境的选择权完全交予富人群体,影响可持续发展。 相似文献
7.
C Franzblau K Schmid B Faris J Beldekas P Garvin H M Kagan B J Baum 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1976,427(1):302-314
The influence of alpha1-acid glycoprotein on the formation of fibrous long spacing fibers of collagen has been investigated. It was observed that addition of the glycoprotein to dialyzed collagen solutions caused a significant decrease in the intensity of the circular dichroic spectrum of collagen. This phenomenon, which displays an optimum with respect to glycoprotein, is consistent with previous observations of fibrous long spacing fiber formation. Changes in viscosity of collagen initially dissolved in acetic acid were monitored during dialysis. It was found that a significant increase in viscosity must occur during dialysis of collagen before fibrous long spacing formation could take place. This increase in viscosity can be related directly to removal of acetic acid from the collagen solution. Removal of all sialyl residues from the alpha1-acid glycoprotein with neuraminidase prevents fibrous long spacing formation while removal of up to 35% of the sialyl residues has no effect on the interaction of glycoprotein with collagen. Amino acid composition and radioactivity studies suggest that 45-55% of the insoluble fibrous long spacing fibers is glycoprotein. In contrast to native collagen fibers, reduced fibrous long spacing fibers do not contain histidinohydroxymerodesmosine or hydroxylysinonorleucine. Instead, they contain significant quantities of allysine aldol and epsilon-hydroxynorleucine. 相似文献
8.
John P. Vogel David F. Garvin Oymon M. Leong Daniel M. Hayden 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,84(2):100179-100191
Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has been proposed as a model temperate grass because its physical, genetic, and genome attributes (small stature, simple
growth requirements, small genome size, availability of diploid ecotypes, annual lifecycle and self fertility) are suitable
for a model plant system. Two additional requirements that are necessary before Brachypodium can be widely accepted as a model system are an efficient transformation system and homogeneous inbred reference genotypes.
Here we describe the development of inbred lines from 27 accessions of Brachypodium. Determination of c-values indicated that five of the source accessions were diploid. These diploid lines exhibit variation
for a variety of morphological traits. Conditions were identified that allow generation times as fast as two months in the
diploids. An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol was developed and used to successfully transform 10 of the 19 lines tested with efficiencies
ranging from 0.4% to 15%. The diploid accession Bd21 was readily transformed. Segregation of transgenes in the T
1 generation indicated that most of the lines contained an insertion at a single genetic locus. The new resources and methodologies
reported here will advance the development and utilization of Brachypodium as a new model system for grass genomics. 相似文献
9.
Background and objectives The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of resident performance on an observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) as a tool to refine a mood disorders curriculum, and to disseminate a mood disorders OSCE for use in other residency settings.Methods A depression-focused OSCE and a direct observation evaluation tool were developed and implemented. A total of 24 first-year family medicine residents (PGY1) participated in the OSCE, and their performance was used to direct changes in a mood disorders curriculum.Results Residents performed well on general interview behaviours, and 67% were able to uncover depression in a patient presenting with headaches. Less than 50% of the residents asked about suicidal ideation and recreational drug use. Curriculum was added that addressed the latter deficiencies.Conclusions Tracking of resident performance on specific behaviours during OSCE sessions can be used for curriculum evaluation purposes. The mood disorders curriculum in additional family medicine residency programmes can now be evaluated using our depression-focused OSCE and Clinical Performance Checklist. 相似文献
10.