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The anabolic action of intermittent parathyroid hormone on cortical bone depends partly on its ability to induce nitric oxide‐mediated vasorelaxation in BALB/c mice 下载免费PDF全文
S Gohin A Carriero C Chenu AA Pitsillides TR Arnett M Marenzana 《Cell biochemistry and function》2016,34(2):52-62
There is strong evidence that vasodilatory nitric oxide (NO) donors have anabolic effects on bone in humans. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the only osteoanabolic drug currently approved, is also a vasodilator. We investigated whether the NO synthase inhibitor L‐NAME might alter the effect of PTH on bone by blocking its vasodilatory effect. BALB/c mice received 28 daily injections of PTH[1–34] (80 µg/kg/day) or L‐NAME (30 mg/kg/day), alone or in combination. Hindlimb blood perfusion was measured by laser Doppler imaging. Bone architecture, turnover and mechanical properties in the femur were analysed respectively by micro‐CT, histomorphometry and three‐point bending. PTH increased hindlimb blood flow by >30% within 10 min of injection (P < 0.001). Co‐treatment with L‐NAME blocked the action of PTH on blood flow, whereas L‐NAME alone had no effect. PTH treatment increased femoral cortical bone volume and formation rate by 20% and 110%, respectively (P < 0.001). PTH had no effect on trabecular bone volume in the femoral metaphysis although trabecular thickness and number were increased and decreased by 25%, respectively. Co‐treatment with L‐NAME restricted the PTH‐stimulated increase in cortical bone formation but had no clear‐cut effects in trabecular bone. Co‐treatment with L‐NAME did not affect the mechanical strength in femurs induced by iPTH. These results suggest that NO‐mediated vasorelaxation plays partly a role in the anabolic action of PTH on cortical bone. © 2016 The Authors. Cell Biochemistry and Function published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Nuclear gene trees and the phylogenetic relationships of the mangabeys (Primates: Papionini) 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Phylogenetic relationships of mangabeys within the Old World monkey tribe
Papionini are inferred from analyses of nuclear DNA sequences from five
unlinked loci. The following conclusions are strongly supported, based on
congruence among trees derived for the five separate gene regions: (1)
mangabeys are polyphyletic within the Papionini; (2) Cercocebus is the
sister taxon to the genus Mandrillus; and (3) Lophocebus belongs to a clade
with Papio and Theropithecus, with Papio as its most likely sister taxon.
Morphologically based phylogenies positing mangabey monophyly were
evaluated by mapping the sequences for each locus on these trees. The data
seem to fit these trees poorly in both maximum-parsimony and likelihood
analyses. Incongruence among nuclear gene trees occurred in the
interrelationships among Lophocebus, Papio, and Theropithecus. Several
factors that may account for this incongruence are discussed, including
sampling error, random lineage sorting, and introgression.
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PPCMatrix: a PowerPC dotmatrix program to compare large genomic sequences against protein sequences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary : An interactive dotmatrix program for the MacOS was designed that
allows comparison of DNA to protein sequences using nested 3-frame
translations. Availability : Shareware, available at
http://copan.bioz.unibas.ch/software/ Contact : burglin@ubaclu. unibas.ch
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Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide that is being evaluated as a seed treatment and in-furrow spray at planting on row crops for management of fungal diseases and its effect on plant-parasitic nematodes. Currently, there are no data on nematode toxicity, nematode recovery, or effects on nematode infection for Meloidogyne incognita or Rotylenchulus reniformis after exposure to low concentrations of fluopyram. Nematode toxicity and recovery experiments were conducted in aqueous solutions of fluopyram, while root infection assays were conducted on tomato. Nematode paralysis was observed after 2 hr of exposure at 1.0 µg/ml fluopyram for both nematode species. Using an assay of nematode motility, 2-hr EC50 values of 5.18 and 12.99 µg/ml fluopyram were calculated for M. incognita and R. reniformis, respectively. Nematode recovery in motility was greater than 50% for M. incognita and R. reniformis 24 hr after nematodes were rinsed and removed from a 1-hr treatment of 5.18 and 12.99 µg/ml fluopyram, respectively. Nematode infection of tomato roots was reduced and inversely proportional to 1-hr treatments with water solutions of fluopyram at low concentrations, which ranged from 1.3 to 5.2 µg/ml for M. incognita and 3.3 to 13.0 µg/ml for R. reniformis. Though fluopyram is nematistatic, low concentrations of the fungicide were effective at reducing the ability of both nematode species to infect tomato roots. 相似文献
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High-throughput DNA isolation method for detection of Xylella fastidiosa in plant and insect samples
Brady JA Faske JB Castañeda-Gill JM King JL Mitchell FL 《Journal of microbiological methods》2011,86(3):310-312
We report an inexpensive, high-throughput method for isolating DNA from insect and plant samples for the purpose of detecting Xylella fastidiosa infection. Existing methods often copurify inhibitors of DNA polymerases, limiting their usefulness for PCR-based detection assays. When compared to commercially available kits, the method provides enhanced pathogen detection at a fraction of the cost. 相似文献
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Evolution of eutherian cytochrome c oxidase subunit II: heterogeneous rates of protein evolution and altered interaction with cytochrome c 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII), encoded by the mitochondrial
genome, exhibits one of the most heterogeneous rates of amino acid
replacement among placental mammals. Moreover, it has been demonstrated
that cytochrome c oxidase has undergone a structural change in higher
primates which has altered its physical interaction with cytochrome c. We
collected a large data set of COII sequences from several orders of mammals
with emphasis on primates, rodents, and artiodactyls. Using phylogenetic
hypotheses based on data independent of the COII gene, we demonstrated that
an increased number of amino acid replacements are concentrated among
higher primates. Incorporating approximate divergence dates derived from
the fossil record, we find that most of the change occurred independently
along the New World monkey lineage and in a rapid burst before apes and Old
World monkeys diverged. There is some evidence that Old World monkeys have
undergone a faster rate of nonsynonymous substitution than have apes. Rates
of substitution at four-fold degenerate sites in primates are relatively
homogeneous, indicating that the rate heterogeneity is restricted to
nondegenerate sites. Excluding the rate acceleration mentioned above,
primates, rodents, and artiodactyls have remarkably similar nonsynonymous
replacement rates. A different pattern is observed for transversions at
four-fold degenerate sites, for which rodents exhibit a higher rate of
replacement than do primates and artiodactyls. Finally, we hypothesize
specific amino acid replacements which may account for much of the
structural difference in cytochrome c oxidase between higher primates and
other mammals.
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