排序方式: 共有57条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Decomposition of litter produced under elevated CO2: Dependence on plant species and nutrient supply 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
VALERIE M. FRANCK BRUCE A. HUNGATE F. STUART CHAPIN III CHRISTOPHER B. FIELD 《Biogeochemistry》1997,36(3):223-237
We investigated the effect of CO2 concentration and soilnutrient availability during growth on the subsequent decomposition andnitrogen (N) release from litter of four annual grasses that differ inresource requirements and native habitat. Vulpia microstachys isa native grass found on California serpentine soils, whereas Avenafatua, Bromus hordaceus, and Lolium multiflorum areintroduced grasses restricted to more fertile sandstone soils (Hobbs & Mooney 1991). Growth in elevated CO2 altered litter C:N ratio,decomposition, and N release, but the direction and magnitude of thechanges differed among plant species and nutrient treatments. ElevatedCO2 had relatively modest effects on C:N ratio of litter,increasing this ratio in Lolium roots (and shoots at high nutrients),but decreasing C:N ratio in Avena shoots. Growth of plants underelevated CO2 decreased the decomposition rate of Vulpialitter, but increased decomposition of Avena litter from the high-nutrient treatment. The impact of elevated CO2 on N loss fromlitter also differed among species, with Vulpia litter from high-CO2 plants releasing N more slowly than ambient-CO2litter, whereas growth under elevated CO2 caused increased Nloss from Avena litter. CO2 effects on N release in Lolium and Bromus depended on the nutrient regime in whichplants were grown. There was no overall relationship between litter C:Nratio and decomposition rate or N release across species and treatments.Based on our study and the literature, we conclude that the effects ofelevated CO2 on decomposition and N release from litter arehighly species-specific. These results do not support the hypothesis thatCO2 effects on litter quality consistently lead to decreasednutrient availability in nutrient-limited ecosystems exposed to elevatedCO2. 相似文献
2.
FREDERIQUE LE ROUX GEMA LORENZO PIERRE PEYRET CORINNE AUDEMARD ANTONIO FIGUERAS CHRISTIAN VIVARÈS MANOLO GOUY FRANCK BERTHE 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2001,48(4):449-454
Marteilia refringens is one of the most significant pathogens of bivalve molluscs. Previous sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of M. refringens isolates derived from the infected mussels (Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovinciallis) and the oyster (Ostrea edulis) in Europe did not reveal genetic polymorphisms despite indications from epizootiological data that distinct types may exist. We investigated the existence of polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA genes. The sequences of this region proved to be clearly dimorphic among Marteilia from five sampling sites. The distribution of the two genetic types, named "O" and "M", appeared to be linked to the host species, oysters and mussels, respectively. We therefore support the recognition of two species of Marteilia in Europe and propose that the "O" type corresponds to M. refringens and the "M" type to M. maurini. 相似文献
3.
RÉGIS FICHOT TÊTÈ S. BARIGAH SYLVAIN CHAMAILLARD DIDER LE THIEC FRANÇOISE LAURANS HERVÉ COCHARD FRANCK BRIGNOLAS 《Plant, cell & environment》2010,33(9):1553-1568
We examined the relationships between xylem resistance to cavitation and 16 structural and functional traits across eight unrelated Populus deltoides×Populus nigra genotypes grown under two contrasting water regimes. The xylem water potential inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductance (Ψ50) varied from ?1.60 to ?2.40 MPa. Drought‐acclimated trees displayed a safer xylem, although the extent of the response was largely genotype dependant, with Ψ50 being decreased by as far as 0.60 MPa. At the tissue level, there was no clear relationship between xylem safety and either xylem water transport efficiency or xylem biomechanics; the only structural trait to be strongly associated with Ψ50 was the double vessel wall thickness, genotypes exhibiting a thicker double wall being more resistant. At the leaf level, increased cavitation resistance was associated with decreased stomatal conductance, while no relationship could be identified with traits associated with carbon uptake or bulk leaf carbon isotope discrimination, a surrogate of intrinsic water‐use efficiency. At the whole‐plant level, increased safety was associated with higher shoot growth potential under well‐irrigated regime only. We conclude that common trade‐offs between xylem resistance to cavitation and other physiological traits that are observed across species may not necessarily hold true at narrower scales. 相似文献
4.
A new species of the thermophylic Tethyan relict prawn Typhlatya is described from two anchialine caves near Perpignan (southern France). The new species is closely related to a congener known only from a freshwater cave at Castellón (eastern Spain), about 400 km to the south-west, differing apparently only in the size and shape of the rostrum and the armature of the dactylus of the fifth pereiopod. Based on palaeogeographical evidence and assuming a sister-group relationship between both species, we suggest that their common ancestor could not be older than early Pliocene in age, and that it was already a stygobiont taxon adapted to live in shallow-water marine crevicular habitats. This ancestor would have vanished from the western Mediterranean after the cooling associated with the onset of northern Hemisphere glaciation, about 3 Mya, as documented for other Mediterranean marine taxa. Indeed, the genus is completely stygobiont and does not occur in fluvial environments. The Pyrenees represent a watershed boundary that eliminates the possibility of the derivation of one species from the other by active dispersal after establishment in continental waters. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 144 , 387–414. 相似文献
5.
FRANCK COUILLAUD ADRIEN GIRARDIE JOSIANE GIRARDIE 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2013,57(1-3):17-22
Summary The nervous part of the locust corpora cardiaca (NCC) was extracted using 70% methanol and subjected to fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Twenty fractions were collected and injected into females from the end of the IIIrd larval instar to day-12 of the adult life to screen the effects on metamorphosis, body pigmentation, and oocyte growth. The rate of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis by the corpora allata of injected animals was evaluated in vitro. One fraction was found to stimulate ovarian maturation, and 3 to delay oocyte growth. None of them disturbed (i) either metamorphosis and body color (which are JH dependent), or (ii) rate of JH biosynthesis. Of the 3 fractions which inhibited ovarian maturation, 2 of them were identified as the neuroparsins A and B. The results clearly illustrate that antagonist factors from the brain are involved in the regulation of ovarian maturation in the locust. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.