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Luttge Ulrich; Osmond C. Barry; Ball Erika; Brinckmann Enno; Kinze Gabriele 《Plant & cell physiology》1972,13(3):505-514
Bisulfite compounds are shown to be nonspecific inhibitors ofphotosynthetic processes and of ion transport in green tissues.CO2 fixation and light-dependent transient changes in externalpH are inhibited about 50% by 5x104 M glyoxal-Na-bisulfite.Chloride uptake in the light and in the dark is inhibited tothe same extent at this concentration. At 5x103 M theinhibitor reduces ATP levels in the light and in the dark, andeffects on glycolate oxidase and PEP carboxylase are observed.The extent of inhibition is dependent on time of treatment withglyoxal-Na-bisulfite and freshly prepared NaHSO3 is equallyas effective as the addition compound. Possible explanations of the bisulfite effects and the relationshipsto SO2 effects on photosynthesis are discussed. (Received September 1, 1971; ) 相似文献
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Hanna Gladh Erika Bergsten Folestad Lars Muhl Monika Ehnman Philip Tannenberg Anna-Lisa Lawrence Christer Betsholtz Ulf Eriksson 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) is the most recently discovered member of the PDGF family. PDGF-D signals through PDGF receptor β, but its biological role remains largely unknown. In contrast to other members of the PDGF family of growth factors, which have been extensively investigated using different knockout approaches in mice, PDGF-D has until now not been characterized by gene inactivation in mice. Here, we present the phenotype of a constitutive Pdgfd knockout mouse model (Pdgfd-/-), carrying a LacZ reporter used to visualize Pdgfd promoter activity. Inactivation of the Pdgfd gene resulted in a mild phenotype in C57BL/6 mice, and the offspring was viable, fertile and generally in good health. We show that Pdgfd reporter gene activity was consistently localized to vascular structures in both postnatal and adult tissues. The expression was predominantly arterial, often localizing to vascular bifurcations. Endothelial cells appeared to be the dominating source for Pdgfd, but reporter gene activity was occasionally also found in subpopulations of mural cells. Tissue-specific analyses of vascular structures revealed that NG2-expressing pericytes of the cardiac vasculature were disorganized in Pdgfd-/- mice. Furthermore, Pdgfd-/- mice also had a slightly elevated blood pressure. In summary, the vascular expression pattern together with morphological changes in NG2-expressing cells, and the increase in blood pressure, support a function for PDGF-D in regulating systemic arterial blood pressure, and suggests a role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. 相似文献
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Loricariid and pimelodid-like siluriforms—along with undetermined percomorph—are described for the first time from Patagonia. Vertebrate fossils, including fish, mammals and birds, were found in beds attributed to the top of the Puerto Madryn Formation. These levels supposedly corresponded to the “Rionegrense marino” of former authors. Mammals occurring in the site suggest a Huayquerian age for the fossiliferous beds. The base of the Huayquerian was dated at about 9 Ma and the top is younger than 6.5 Ma. Radioisotopic dating in the marine shell beds of the Puerto Madryn Formation ranges from 11 to 9 Ma. Consequently, the section described here appears to be younger than the typical Puerto Madryn Formation from which it is separated by an unconformity. The section is correlated with the type Río Negro Formation from northern Patagonia, which also includes Huayquerian fossils. Freshwater fishes were previously unknown in beds younger than the middle Miocene in southern South America. This is also the southernmost record of loricariid fishes. The association of aquatic continental and terrestrial vertebrates indicates for the first time in Península Valdés beds of freshwater origin. The evidence apported by fossils is also in agreement with global climate trends. The local extinction of loricariids in Patagonia possibly occurred much later than the time of deposition. 相似文献
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Mary T. Doan Michael D. Neinast Erika L. Varner Kenneth C. Bedi David Bartee Helen Jiang Sophie Trefely Peining Xu Jay P. Singh Cholsoon Jang J. Eduardo Rame Donita C. Brady Jordan L. Meier Kenneth B. Marguiles Zoltan Arany Nathaniel W. Snyder 《Journal of lipid research》2022,63(6):100224
Anabolic metabolism of carbon in mammals is mediated via the one- and two-carbon carriers S-adenosyl methionine and acetyl-coenzyme A. In contrast, anabolic metabolism of three-carbon units via propionate has not been shown to extensively occur. Mammals are primarily thought to oxidize the three-carbon short chain fatty acid propionate by shunting propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA for entry into the TCA cycle. Here, we found that this may not be absolute as, in mammals, one nonoxidative fate of propionyl-CoA is to condense to two three-carbon units into a six-carbon trans-2-methyl-2-pentenoyl-CoA (2M2PE-CoA). We confirmed this reaction pathway using purified protein extracts provided limited substrates and verified the product via LC-MS using a synthetic standard. In whole-body in vivo stable isotope tracing following infusion of 13C-labeled valine at steady state, 2M2PE-CoA was found to form via propionyl-CoA in multiple murine tissues, including heart, kidney, and to a lesser degree, in brown adipose tissue, liver, and tibialis anterior muscle. Using ex vivo isotope tracing, we found that 2M2PE-CoA also formed in human myocardial tissue incubated with propionate to a limited extent. While the complete enzymology of this pathway remains to be elucidated, these results confirm the in vivo existence of at least one anabolic three- to six-carbon reaction conserved in humans and mice that utilizes propionate. 相似文献
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The technique random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was evaluated as a method to differentiate Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus johnsonii. Representative strains, including the type of each species, were selected from different clusters obtained by numerical analysis of total soluble cell protein patterns. Results obtained by RAPD-PCR corresponded well with results obtained by numerical analysis of total soluble cell protein patterns. The type strains of each species displayed different RAPD profiles. Strains with identical L(+)- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent lactic dehydrogenase (nLDH) electrophoretic profiles could be distinguished on the basis of their RAPD profiles. 相似文献
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Single mitochondrial gene barcodes reliably identify sister-species in diverse clades of birds 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2