NKG2D ligand RAE1ε induces generation and enhances the inhibitor function of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in mice

Expression of surface NKG2D ligands on tumour cells, which activates nature killer (NK) cells and CD8⁺ T cells, is crucial in antitumour immunity. Some types of tumours have evolved mechanisms to suppress NKG2D‐mediated immune cell activation, such as tumour‐derived soluble NKG2D ligands or sustained NKG2D ligands produced by tumours down‐regulate the expression of NKG2D on NK cells and CD8⁺ T cells. Here, we report that surface NKG2D ligand RAE1ε on tumour cells induces CD11b⁺Gr‐1⁺ myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (MDSC) via NKG2D in vitro and in vivo. MDSCs induced by RAE1ε display a robust induction of IL‐10 and arginase, and these MDSCs show greater suppressive activity by inhibiting antigen‐non‐specific CD8⁺ T‐cell proliferation. Consistently, upon adoptive transfer, MDSCs induced by RAE1ε significantly promote CT26 tumour growth in IL‐10‐ and arginase‐dependent manners. RAE1ε moves cytokine balance towards Th2 but not Th1 in vivo. Furthermore, RAE1ε enhances inhibitory function of CT26‐derived MDSCs and promotes IL‐4 rather than IFN‐γ production from CT26‐derived MDSCs through NKG2D in vitro. Our study has demonstrated a novel mechanism for NKG2D ligand⁺ tumour cells escaping from immunosurveillance by facilitating the proliferation and the inhibitory function of MDSCs.     

利用磁珠构建稻瘟菌cDNA文库

本文以稻瘟菌菌丝体为材料提取RNA,[目的]改进张学敏等人的方法,通过磁珠构建稻瘟菌cDNA文库,并用于下一步研究稻瘟菌与水稻之间的互作关系.[方法]通过共价键连接的寡聚oligo(dT)磁珠纯化mRNA,并以磁珠上的oligo(dT)为引物引导第一链cDNA的合成,再利用末端转移酶加尾法合成第二链cDNA.构建过程中避免使用限制酶和连接接头.[结果]用此方法构建的文库容量为8.9×107cfu,滴度为8.9×106 cfu/mL,随机挑取的25个克隆插入片断平均大小达到1380bp.[结论]实验结果表明用改进的方法可构建高质量的cDNA文库,并且方便快捷,所用材料少,构建时间短,利于大规模的功能基因分析.     

利用纤维床反应器固定化发酵生产丙酸

构建了一种纤维床反应器(FBB), 并将其应用于丙酸的生产。将棉纤维绕成桶状, 固定于反应器中, 即可用于丙酸固定化发酵。以40 g/L的葡萄糖为碳源, 与游离细胞相比, 利用FBB生产丙酸, 丙酸产量由14.58 g/L提高至20.41 g/L, 发酵时间由120 h缩短至60 h。研究了不同糖浓度条件下FBB生产丙酸情况, 并将补料策略应用于丙酸发酵中。结果表明: 补料发酵能够有效改善Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015在高糖条件下丙酸对葡萄糖转化率较低、副产物较多的问题。经补料发酵280 h, 丙酸产量达45.91 g/L, 丙酸质量约占有机酸总质量比例为72.31%。     

DREB1A类转录调控域中对转录激活功能起关键作用的氨基酸

从烟草品种k326中克隆到2个干旱应答元件结合蛋白类(DREB-Like)转录因子基因,命名为NtDREBI和NtDREB1A.序列分析发现，NtDREBI和NtDREB1A编码的蛋白质具有典型的AP2/EREBP转录因子家族EREBP亚族A类特征.酵母单杂交结果显示，NtDREBI具有激活功能, 而NtDREB1A不能激活下游基因，但可以与DRE元件结合.将NtDREBI、NtDREB1A与其它AP2/EREBP类转录因子序列比对，发现在C末端第148位氨基酸有显著差别.采用定点突变方法进一步研究表明，DREB1A类转录因子的第148位氨基酸残基与其邻近氨基酸残基的相互作用对调控转录激活功能起关键作用.     

东北边境地区鼠体外寄生蜱螨的种类组成研究

采用笼日法捕鼠,收集鼠体外寄生蜱螨,研究我国东北边境地区鼠体外寄生蜱、革螨和恙螨的种类组成.结果表明,在东北边境6市县9种鼠体采获寄生蜱螨16 565只,计16属39种,其中蜱类3属4种,革螨8属20种,恙螨5属15种.优势种群:全沟硬蜱(75.6%);耶氏历螨(25.5%),厩真历螨(21.1%);波氏新恙螨(35.0%),高丽新恙螨(22.7%).不同鼠体寄生蜱、革螨、恙螨的主要种类组成有所不同.     

安徽农药厂厂区及周边农田土壤线虫数量特征

为了解农药对不同植被下的土壤健康和土壤质量的影响, 在2006年10月对安徽省和县华星化工股份有限公司内外不同土地利用方式下土壤线虫数量和营养类群进行了调查, 包括厂内裸地(BIF)、厂内宝塔松林地(PIF)、厂外裸地(BOF)、厂外大豆地(SOF)、厂外水稻地(POF)、厂外玉米地(COF)。结果发现有植被覆盖的样地中土壤线虫总数显著多于裸地(P<0.01), 厂外裸地显著高于厂内裸地。在有植被覆盖的土壤中植物寄生类线虫为优势类群, 其中厂内松林地内植物寄生类线虫相对丰度最高, 达到84%。在裸地中以食细菌类线虫为优势类群, 厂外裸地和厂内裸地相对丰度分别为74%和72%。此次调查表明农药的过多使用会对土壤线虫的数量和相对丰度产生影响, 同时说明植被覆盖在减轻农药使用造成的环境污染中起着重要作用。     

Production of Bio-Energy from Pig Manure: A Focus on the Dynamics Change of Four Parameters under Sunlight-Dark Conditions

This study investigated the effect of sunlight-dark conditions on volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total ammonium nitrogen (TAN), total alkalinity (TA) and pH during pig manure (PM) digestion and then the subsequent influence on biogas yield of PM. PM₁ and PM₂ were performed in a transparent reactor and a non-transparent reactor, respectively. Two sets of experiments were conducted with a temperature of 35.0±2.0 °C and a total solid concentration of 8.0% to the digestion material. The dynamic change of the four parameters in response to sunlight-dark conditions resulted in variations of the physiological properties in the digester and affected the cumulative biogas production (CBP). PM₁ obtained higher CBP (15020.0 mL) with a more stable pH and a lower TAN concentration (1414.5 mg/L) compared to PM₂ (2675.0 mL and 1670.0 mg/L, respectively). The direct path coefficients and indirect path coefficients between the four parameters and CBP were also analyzed.