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1.
The objective of the present study was to explore the site of synthesis of vitellogenin (Vtg) in fresh water edible crab, Oziothelphusa senex senex. Vtg cDNA fragments were isolated from the hepatopancreas of female crabs using RT-PCR method, and the deduced amino acid sequence of O. senex senex showed more than 60% identity with other brachyuran Vtg sequences. RT-PCR analysis showed that Vtg mRNA can be detected only in hepatopancreas of female Oziothelphusa but not in other tissues including eyestalks, Y-organs, mandibular organs, thoracic ganglion, hypodermis and ovary. Antibodies were raised against vitellin purified from the ovary of O. senex senex. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed the presence of Vtg in the hepatopancreas of vitellogenic stage I females and in the hemolymph, hepatopancreas and ovary extracts from vitellogenic stage II females but absent in hemolymph and hepatopancreas extract of males. These results suggest that Vtg is synthesized only in hepatopancreas but not in the ovaries of O. senex senex. In addition, Vtg synthesized in hepatopancreas is transported to ovary through hemolymph.  相似文献   
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Cytotrophoblasts are the specialized epithelial cells of theplacenta. During the first trimester, a subpopulation of chorionicvillas cytotrophoblasts differentiates along an invasive pathwayand penetrates the maternal endo-metrium, decidua and spiralarterioles. Cytotrophoblast invasiveness declines rapidly duringthe second half of gestation. Isolated cytotrophoblasts of differentgestational ages retain this differential invasiveness in culture.To determine whether the properties of integrin receptors forextracellular matrix molecules differ between invasive and non-invasivecytotrophoblasts, detergent extracts of isolated cytotrophoblastsof different gestational ages, and of first-trimester villousfibroblasts, were immunoprecipitated with subunit-specific anti-  相似文献   
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The remarkable success of immune therapies emphasizes the need for immune‐competent cancer models. Elegant genetically engineered mouse models of a variety of cancers have been established, but their effective use is limited by cost and difficulties in rapidly generating experimental data. Some mouse cancer cell lines are transplantable to immunocompetent host mice and have been utilized extensively to study cancer immunology. Here, we describe the Yale University Mouse Melanoma (YUMM) lines, a comprehensive system of mouse melanoma cell lines that are syngeneic to C57BL/6, have well‐defined human‐relevant driver mutations, and are genomically stable. This will be a useful tool for the study of tumor immunology and genotype‐specific cancer biology.  相似文献   
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The first international comparison test on swine lymphocyte alloantigens (SLA) was held in Helsinki, Finland in July 1986. The results reported were based on a comparison of 157 alloantisera originating from six laboratories. The antisera were tested against a selected panel of 264 lymphocyte samples belonging to four laboratories. The most common breeds in Europe were chosen for this first comparison test (Landrace and Large White). Eighteen of the 31 previously known specificities were confirmed and a new nomenclature was established.  相似文献   
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Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent mediator of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix formation, depending on the cell type and the physiological conditions. TGF-beta is usually secreted in a "latent" complex that needs activation before it can exert its effects. Several observations correlate increased expression of TGF-beta 1 with tumorigenesis. To evaluate the physiological relevance of increased TGF-beta 1 synthesis in tumor cells we established cell clones overexpressing TGF-beta 1 and observed the resulting physiological changes in TGF-beta overproducing cells in vitro and in vivo. As a model system we used the human E1A-transformed 293 tumor cells, which are insensitive to the direct growth modulatory effects of TGF-beta. The selection of this cell line allows an assessment of physiological alterations independent of TGF-beta induced proliferative changes. The use of two TGF-beta 1 expression vectors containing either the natural or a modified TGF-beta 1 precursor cDNA permitted the establishment of separate 293 cell lines overexpressing latent or active TGF-beta. Comparison of the resulting changes in glycolytic rate, adhesiveness and integrin and plasminogen activator expression established that, in vitro, both types of clones behaved similarly, indicating that expression of latent TGF-beta induces autocrine changes in the tumor cells and thus suggesting that some level of cell-associated activation occurs. TGF-beta overexpression resulted in an increased metabolic rate due to enhanced glycolysis, a property long associated with tumor cells. This increased glycolysis was not associated with altered proliferation. Cells overexpressing TGF-beta also displayed enhanced fibronectin mRNA and plasminogen activator synthesis and increased adhesiveness in vitro. They showed enhanced survival when plated sparsely on plastic in the absence of serum, and attached more readily to laminin. In addition, synthesis of several beta 1 integrins, in particular the alpha 1/beta 1, alpha 2/beta 1, and alpha 3/beta 1, all of which recognize laminin, were enhanced. Finally, cells overexpressing active TGF-beta, but not latent TGF-beta, also showed increased tumorigenicity in nude mice. Thus, an increase in endogenous TGF-beta synthesis confers several proliferation-independent phenotypic changes which may be of significance for the survival of the tumor cell inoculum or its subsequent growth, and for tumor formation and development. In the case of cells expressing active TGF-beta, the release of active TGF-beta into the vicinity of the tumor cells may also result in a more hospitable environment for tumor growth.  相似文献   
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Several lines of experimental evidence are presented suggesting that the L antigens in low potassium (LK) sheep red cells are associated with separate Na(+)K(+) pump flux is distinct from the action of anti-L(l) on K(+) leak flux, implying that K(+) leak transport sites may not be converted into active pumps by the L antiserum. Treatment of LK red cells with trypsin completely abolished both the stimulation of K(+) pump flux and the enhancement of the rate of ouabain binding brought about by anti- L. That this effect is due to a total destruction of the L(p) determinant associated with the LK pump was evident from the complete failure of anti-L(p) to bind to trypsinized LK red cells. The L(p) antigen can be effectively protected against the trypsin attack by prior incubation with anti-L, indicating that the sites for antibody binding and trypsin action may be closely adjacent at the structural level. Trypsin treatment, however, did not interfere with anti-L(l) reducing ouabain insensitive K(+) leak influx, nor did it prevent binding of anti-L(ly), the hemolytically active L antibody which is probably identical with anti-L(l). The functional independence of the L(p) and L(l) sites was documented by the observation that anti-L(l) still reduced K(+) leak influx in LK cells with experimentally induced high potassium concentrations, at which K(+) pump flux is fully suppressed, whether or not anti-L(p) was binding to the L(p) antigen associated with the LK pump.  相似文献   
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Hormonal Regulation of Pedicel Abscission in Begonia Flower Buds   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In order to analyse the hormonal regulation of flower bud shedding in Begonia, levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene were determined in buds and pedicels. The translocation and metabolism of 14C-labeled IAA in pedicel segments were also studied. In a monoecious Begonia fuchsioides hybrid, abscising male flower buds contain about 1% of the IAA present in non-abscising female flowers. In a male Begonia davisii hybrid, the seasonal variation in bud drop coincides with changes in the IAA content of the buds, while also the release of IAA from the bud to the pedicel is hampered. Abscission zones of these pedicels always contain abscission promoting ethylene concentrations. The tissue is prevented from responding with abscission by IAA from the flower buds. The buds also contain ABA but without influencing abscission considerably. Pretreatment with ethylene or ABA does not affect IAA transport in pedicel segments. The rate of this transport is 4–6 mm × h–1:; the capacity increases with the transverse area. In young segments, IAA is decarboxylated and also otherwise metabolized.  相似文献   
10.
Mouse-hatched blastocysts cultured in vitro will attach and form outgrowths of trophoblast cells on appropriate substrates, providing a model for implantation. Immediately after hatching, the surfaces of blastocysts are quiescent and are not adhesive. Over the period 24-36 h post-hatching, blastocysts cultured in serum-free medium become adhesive and attach and spread on the extracellular matrix components fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV in a ligand specific manner. Attachment and trophoblast outgrowth on these substrates can be inhibited by addition to the culture medium of an antibody, anti-ECMr (anti-extracellular matrix receptor), that recognizes a group of 140-kD glycoproteins similar to those of the 140-kD extracellular matrix receptor complex (integrin) recognized in avian cells by CSAT and JG22 monoclonal antibodies. Addition to the culture medium of a synthetic peptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide cell recognition sequence of fibronectin inhibits trophoblast outgrowth on both laminin and fibronectin. However, the presence of the peptide does not affect attachment of the blastocysts to either ligand. Immunoprecipitation of 125I surface-labeled embryos using anti-ECMr reveals that antigens recognized by this antibody are exposed on the surfaces of embryos at a time when they are spreading on the substrate, but are not detectable immediately after hatching. Immunofluorescence experiments show that both the ECMr antigens and the cytoskeletal proteins vinculin and talin are enriched on the cell processes and ventral surfaces of trophectoderm cells in embryo outgrowths, in patterns similar to those seen in fibroblasts, and consistent with their role in adhesion of the trophoblast cells to the substratum.  相似文献   
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