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1.
An assay for very sensitive antigen detection is described which takes advantage of the self- assembly capabilities of semi-synthetic conjugates of DNA and proteins. The general scheme of this assay is similar to a two-sided (sandwich) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA); however, covalent single-stranded DNA–streptavidin (STV) conjugates, capable of hybridizing to complementary surface-bound DNA oligomers, are utilized for the effective immobilzation of either capture antibodies or antigens, rather than the chemi- or physisorption usually applied in ELISA. Immuno-PCR (IPCR) is employed as a method for signal generation, utilizing oligomeric reagents obtained by self-assembly of STV, biotinylated DNA and antibodies. In three different model systems, detecting human IgG, rabbit IgG or carcinoembryonic antigen, this combination allowed one to increase the sensitivity of the analogous ELISA ~1000-fold. For example, <0.1 amol/µl (15 pg/ml) of rabbit IgG was detectable. The immunoassay can be carried out in a single step by tagging the analyte with both reagents for capture and read-out simultaneously, thereby significantly reducing handling time and costs of analysis. Moreover, as the spatial selectivity of target immobilization is determined by the specificity of DNA base pairing, the assay is particularly suited for miniaturized microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices. 相似文献
2.
We demonstrate that human electrophysiological recordings of the local field potential (LFP) from intracranial electrodes, acquired from a variety of cerebral regions, show a ubiquitous 1/f2 scaling within the power spectrum. We develop a quantitative model that treats the generation of these fields in an analogous way to that of electronic shot noise, and use this model to specifically address the cause of this 1/f2 Brownian noise. The model gives way to two analytically tractable solutions, both displaying Brownian noise: 1) uncorrelated cells that display sharp initial activity, whose extracellular fields slowly decay in time and 2) rapidly firing, temporally correlated cells that generate UP-DOWN states. 相似文献
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Rolf Frischknecht Christian Bauer Christof Bucher Linda Ager-Wick Ellingsen Lukas Gutzwiller Britta Heimbach René Itten Xun Liao Evangelos Panos Stephan Pfister Tobias Schmidt Valentin Stahel Philippe Stolz Peter Toggweiler Karin Treyer Jacques Villeneuve Andreas Wade Marcel Weil 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2018,23(8):1716-1721
6.
Larissa Albantakis Arend Hintze Christof Koch Christoph Adami Giulio Tononi 《PLoS computational biology》2014,10(12)
Natural selection favors the evolution of brains that can capture fitness-relevant features of the environment''s causal structure. We investigated the evolution of small, adaptive logic-gate networks (“animats”) in task environments where falling blocks of different sizes have to be caught or avoided in a ‘Tetris-like’ game. Solving these tasks requires the integration of sensor inputs and memory. Evolved networks were evaluated using measures of information integration, including the number of evolved concepts and the total amount of integrated conceptual information. The results show that, over the course of the animats'' adaptation, i) the number of concepts grows; ii) integrated conceptual information increases; iii) this increase depends on the complexity of the environment, especially on the requirement for sequential memory. These results suggest that the need to capture the causal structure of a rich environment, given limited sensors and internal mechanisms, is an important driving force for organisms to develop highly integrated networks (“brains”) with many concepts, leading to an increase in their internal complexity. 相似文献
7.
A new procedure was used to purify the peroxisomal matrix enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) from green leaves of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Monospecific antibodies were prepared against this enzyme in rabbits. Immunoprecipitation of HPR from watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) yielded a single protein with a subunit molecular weight of 45 kDa. Immunohistochemical labeling of HPR was found exclusively in watermelon microbodies. Isolated polyadenylated mRNA from light-grown watermelon cotyledons was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The heterologous in-vivo translation product of HPR exhibited the same molecular weight as the immunoprecipitate from watermelon cotyledons, indicating the lack of a cleavable extra sequence. The watermelon HPR translated in oocytes was imported into isolated glyoxysomes from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) endosperm and remained resistant to proteolysis after the addition of proteinase K. The HPR did not change its apparent molecular weight during sequestration; however, it may have changed its conformation.Abbreviations HPR
hydroxypyruvate reductase
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
8.
Biotyping of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus by Enterotoxin Gene Cluster (egc) Polymorphism and spa Typing Analyses 下载免费PDF全文
Giuseppe Blaiotta Vincenzina Fusco Christof von Eiff Francesco Villani Karsten Becker 《Applied microbiology》2006,72(9):6117-6123
Thirty-five Staphylococcus aureus strains, including 10 reference strains and 25 strains recovered from clinical specimens and food samples, were analyzed by PCR REA (restriction endonucleases analysis) of the egc operon and spa typing. Nineteen spa types and seven different egc operons, including four putative new egc variants, were revealed. In 13 strains, allelic variants of sei and/or seg were found. By an analysis of their nucleotide sequence identities, a new homogeneous cluster of a sei variant, called the sei variant, was detected in six strains. In addition, the prototype sei was shown to be more polymorphic than assumed so far. Seven strains possessed the recently described seg variant, also exhibiting several nucleotide exchanges. spa typing was more effective than REA egc grouping as a typing technique. Since, in some cases, the REA typing method was able to discriminate strains showing the same spa type, it must be considered for PCR approaches involved in diagnostic procedures and may be useful for epidemiological studies. Hence, the polyphasic approach used in this study can be reliably and advantageously applied for typing egc-positive S. aureus strains. 相似文献
9.
M. Karim Zarhloul Christof Stoll Wilfried Lühs Alexandra Syring-Ehemann Ludger Hausmann Reinhard Töpfer Wolfgang Friedt 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2006,18(3):241-251
Seed lipids of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) usually contain small proportions (<3%) of stearic acid. The objective of this study was to increase the content of stearic fatty␣acid in rapeseed oil. An antisense down-regulation of the endogenous stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) catalysing the reaction step from stearic to oleic acid in two different genetic backgrounds was studied. The result of down-regulation of the SAD yielded an about 10-fold increase of stearic acid from 3.7% up to 32% in single seeds of transgenic low-erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR), while high-erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) showed a 4-fold increase of C18:0 from 1% up to 4%. It could be shown in pooled T2 seed material of LEAR rapeseed, that the stearic acid content is highly correlated with the down-regulation of SAD as indicated by the␣stearate desaturation proportion (SDP). The importance of the promoter strength for the alteration of a trait was confirmed in this study as no change in the fatty acid composition of transgenic plants was achieved with gene constructs controlled by the weak FatB4 seed-specific promoter from Cuphea lanceolata.Karim Zarhloul and Christof Stoll have contributed in
equal parts to the present work 相似文献
10.
Christoph Domschke Yingzi Ge Isa Bernhardt Sarah Schott Sophia Keim Simone Juenger Mariana Bucur Luisa Mayer Maria Blumenstein Joachim Rom Joerg Heil Christof Sohn Andreas Schneeweiss Philipp Beckhove Florian Schuetz 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2013,62(6):1053-1060