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1.
Chemokine Receptor Utilization by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates That Replicate in Microglia 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Joseph T. C. Shieh Andrew V. Albright Matthew Sharron Suzanne Gartner Julie Strizki Robert W. Doms Francisco Gonzlez-Scarano 《Journal of virology》1998,72(5):4243-4249
The role of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strain variability remains a key unanswered question in HIV dementia, a condition affecting around 20% of infected individuals. Several groups have shown that viruses within the central nervous system (CNS) of infected patients constitute an independently evolving subset of HIV strains. A potential explanation for the replication and sequestration of viruses within the CNS is the preferential use of certain chemokine receptors present in microglia. To determine the role of specific chemokine coreceptors in infection of adult microglial cells, we obtained a small panel of HIV type 1 brain isolates, as well as other HIV strains that replicate well in cultured microglial cells. These viruses and molecular clones of their envelopes were used in infections, in cell-to-cell fusion assays, and in the construction of pseudotypes. The results demonstrate the predominant use of CCR5, at least among the major coreceptors, with minor use of CCR3 and CXCR4 by some of the isolates or their envelope clones. 相似文献
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The autotroph Methanococcus maripaludis contained high levels of acetate-coenzyme A ligase, pyruvate synthase, pyruvate, water dikinase, pyruvate carboxylase, and the enzymes of the incomplete reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, citrate synthase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were not detected. In contrast, the heterotroph Methanococcus sp. strain A3 contained acetate kinase, and acetate coenzyme A ligase was virtually absent. 相似文献
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Further studies on the oxidation of betaine by a marine bacterium, Achromobacter cholinophagum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
H S Shieh 《Canadian journal of microbiology》1966,12(2):299-302
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Yi-Chang Zhuang Jyh-Biau Chang Tyng-Yeu Liang Ce-Kuen Shieh Laurence Tianruo Yang 《Cluster computing》2006,9(3):223-236
Recently, software distributed shared memory systems have successfully provided an easy user interface to parallel user applications
on distributed systems. In order to prompt program performance, most of DSM systems usually were greedy to utilize all of
available processors in a computer network to execute user programs. However, using more processors to execute programs cannot
necessarily guarantee to obtain better program performance. The overhead of paralleling programs is increased by the addition
in the number of processors used for program execution. If the performance gain from program parallel cannot compensate for
the overhead, increasing the number of execution processors will result in performance degradation and resource waste. In
this paper, we proposed a mechanism to dynamically find a suitable system scale to optimize performance for DSM applications
according to run-time information. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can precisely predict the processor
number that will result in the best performance and then effectively optimize the performance of the test applications by
adapting system scale according to the predicted result.
Yi-Chang Zhuang received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from National Cheng Kung University in 1995, 1997, and
2004. He is currently working as an engineer at Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan. His research interests
include object-based storage, file systems, distributed systems, and grid computing.
Jyh-Biau Chang is currently an assistant professor at the Information Management Department of Leader University in Taiwan. He received
his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Electrical Engineering Department of National Cheng Kung University in 1994, 1996, and
2005. His research interest is focused on cluster and grid computing, parallel and distributed system, and operating system.
Tyng-Yeu Liang is currently an assistant professor who teaches and studies at Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University
of Applied Sciences in Taiwan. He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from National Cheng Kung University in 1992, 1994,
and 2000. His study is interested in cluster and grid computing, image processing and multimedia.
Ce-Kuen Shieh currently is a professor at the Electrical Engineering Department of National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan. He is also
the chief of computation center at National Cheng Kung University. He received his Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical
Engineering of National Cheng Kung University in 1988. He was the chairman of the Electrical Engineering Department of National
Cheng Kung University from 2002 to 2005. His research interest is focused on computer network, and parallel and distributed
system.
Laurence T. Yang is a professor at the Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada. His research includes high performance
computing and networking, embedded systems, ubiquitous/pervasive computing and intelligence, and autonomic and trusted computing. 相似文献
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Yin-Hua Shih Kuo-Wei Chang Shih-Min Hsia Cheng-Chia Yu Lih-Jyh Fuh Tzu-Yun Chi Tzong-Ming Shieh 《Microbiological research》2013,168(5):254-262
Hinokitiol is a natural component isolated from Chamacyparis taiwanensis. It has anti-microbial activity, and has been used in oral care products. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) of hinokitiol against MRSA, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans were determined by the agar and broth dilution method (MIC: 40–110 μM; MMC: 50–130 μM); the paradoxical inhibition phenomenon (PIP) was observed in A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. mutans. The PIP can be described as microbial growth occurring in the presence of both high and low concentrations of a compound, between which microbial growth is inhibited. The PIP was confirmed using a kinetic microplate and inhibition zone methods. The PIP was also observed in MRSA. The low autolysin activity somehow correlated to the PIP positive. The cell diameter was increased in all the pathogens, and the transition was inhibited in C. albicans following hinokitiol treatment. Hinokitiol is also a potential anticancer drug. The 200 μM of hinokitiol has significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities against oral pathogens and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, respectively, and lower cytotoxic effects for normal human oral keratinocytes, indicating that hinokitiol displays a high potential for safe and effective applications in oral health care. 相似文献