全文获取类型
收费全文 | 68812篇 |
免费 | 18842篇 |
国内免费 | 3665篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 522篇 |
2022年 | 727篇 |
2021年 | 2209篇 |
2020年 | 3483篇 |
2019年 | 5292篇 |
2018年 | 5319篇 |
2017年 | 5278篇 |
2016年 | 5687篇 |
2015年 | 6605篇 |
2014年 | 6760篇 |
2013年 | 7396篇 |
2012年 | 5915篇 |
2011年 | 5354篇 |
2010年 | 5351篇 |
2009年 | 3855篇 |
2008年 | 3150篇 |
2007年 | 2520篇 |
2006年 | 2260篇 |
2005年 | 2011篇 |
2004年 | 1783篇 |
2003年 | 1555篇 |
2002年 | 1460篇 |
2001年 | 1096篇 |
2000年 | 953篇 |
1999年 | 773篇 |
1998年 | 437篇 |
1997年 | 358篇 |
1996年 | 324篇 |
1995年 | 280篇 |
1994年 | 318篇 |
1993年 | 201篇 |
1992年 | 284篇 |
1991年 | 228篇 |
1990年 | 211篇 |
1989年 | 168篇 |
1988年 | 140篇 |
1987年 | 131篇 |
1986年 | 125篇 |
1985年 | 113篇 |
1984年 | 66篇 |
1983年 | 62篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 33篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 47篇 |
1978年 | 43篇 |
1977年 | 47篇 |
1976年 | 36篇 |
1975年 | 40篇 |
1974年 | 47篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The plasmodial slime molds is the largest group in the phylum Amoebozoa. Its life cycle includes the plasmodial trophic stage and the spore‐bearing fruiting bodies. However, only a few species have their complete life cycle known in details so far. This study is the first reporting the morphogenesis of Didymium laxifilum and Physarum album. Spores, from field‐collected sporangia, were incubated into hanging drop cultures for viewing germination and axenic oat agar plates for viewing plasmodial development and sporulation. The spores of D. laxifilum and P. album germinated by method of V‐shape split and minute pore, respectively. The amoeboflagellates, released from spores, were observed in water film. The phaneroplasmodia of two species developed into a number of sporangia by subhypothallic type on oat agar culture. The main interspecific difference of morphogenesis was also discussed. 相似文献
2.
Pelagostrobilidium liui n. sp. (Ciliophora,Choreotrichida) from the Coastal Waters of Northeastern Taiwan and an Improved Description of Pelagostrobilidium minutum Liu et al., 2012 下载免费PDF全文
Po‐Cheng Chen Kuo‐Ping Chiang Sheng‐Fang Tsai 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2017,64(5):579-587
The number of somatic kineties in Pelagostrobilidium ranges from 4 to 6 according to the present state of knowledge. This study investigates Pelagostrobilidium liui n. sp. using live observation, protargol stain, and small subunit rDNA data sequencing. Pelagostrobilidium liui n. sp. is characterized by having a spherical‐shaped body, four somatic kineties, with kinety 2 spiraled around the left side of body, about six elongated external membranelles, and invariably no buccal membranelle. It differs from its most similar congener, Pelagostrobilidium minutum Liu et al., 2012 , in (i) cell shape; (ii) macronucleus width; (iii) oral apparatus; (iv) anterior orientation of kinety 2; (v) location where kinety 2 commences; (vi) arrangement of kinety 1; (vii) distance between the anterior cell end and the locations where kineties commence; and (viii) the presence of 12 different bases (including two deletions) in the small subunit rDNA sequences. The diagnosis of P. minutum Liu et al., 2012 is also improved to include the following new characteristics: invariably four somatic kineties; kineties 2 and 4 alone commence at the same level; kinety 2 originates from right anterior cell half on ventral side, extends sinistrally posteriorly, over kinety 1, around left posterior region, terminates near posterior cell end on dorsal side; kinety 1 commences below anterior third of kinety 2. 相似文献
3.
Selective method for identification and quantification of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis BB‐12 (BB‐12) from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy volunteers ingesting a combination probiotic of BB‐12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG 下载免费PDF全文
4.
Jang Min Park Baek-Rock Oh In Yeong Kang Sun-Yeon Heo Jeong-Woo Seo Seung-Moon Park Won-Kyung Hong Chul Ho Kim 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2017,44(7):1107-1113
A Bacillus sp. strain named BRC1 is capable of producing 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) using hydrolysates of the Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAT), a rich source of the fructose polymer inulin. To enhance 2,3-BD production, we undertook an extensive analysis of the Bacillus sp. BRC1 genome, identifying a putative gene (sacC) encoding a fructan hydrolysis enzyme and characterizing the activity of the resulting recombinant protein expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. Introduction of the sacC gene into Bacillus sp. BRC1 using an expression vector increased enzymatic activity more than twofold. Consistent with this increased enzyme expression, 2,3-BD production from JAT was also increased from 3.98 to 8.10 g L?1. Fed-batch fermentation of the recombinant strain produced a maximal level of 2,3-BD production of 28.6 g L?1, showing a high theoretical yield of 92.3%. 相似文献
5.
Zi Shi Wei Song Jinfeng Xing Minxiao Duan Fengge Wang Hongli Tian Liwen Xu Shuaishuai Wang Aiguo Su Chunhui Li Ruyang Zhang Yanxin Zhao Meijie Luo Jidong Wang Jiuran Zhao 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2017,37(9):108
Kernel size and kernel weight are important factors possibly involved in the determination of grain yield in maize, so identifying the genetic basis of kernel-related traits provides insights into the breeding of high-yield maize varieties. Kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW) and hundred kernel weight (HKW) were evaluated in three various planting conditions for the 240 field-grown double haploid (DH) lines derived from the single-cross hybrid Xianyu335. Variations in KL, KW and HKW were observed among DH lines, and all three traits showed a broad sense heritability of 76%. A total of 964 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the MaizeSNP3072 chip was utilised to create a high-density genetic map of 1546.4 cM and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Using composite interval mapping, a total of five, seven and five QTLs have been mapped for KL, KW and HKW, respectively. qkl1-2 and qkl4-1 explained 17.8% and 14.2% of the phenotypic variation in KL, respectively, and the other three QTLs contributed 3.2–4.0%. The phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of seven QTLs responsible for KW ranged from 3.3 to 9.5%. Three QTLs for HKW, qhkw1, qhkw5 and qhkw10 each explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation, and qhkw4 and qhkw9 accounted for 3.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Due to their detection in multiple planting environments, the loci mapped here appear to be potential targets for the improvement of maize grain yield. 相似文献
6.
Talia Dan‐Cohen 《The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute》2017,23(2):285-301
Distinctions between the ‘simple’ and the ‘complex’ have enjoyed a long and varied career in anthropology. Simplicity was once part of a collective fantasy about what life was like elsewhere, tingeing studies of tribal life with human longing for simpler ways of being. With the reflexive turn and the rise of cultural critique, simplicity has been all but excommunicated in favour of widespread diagnoses of complexity. In this article, I tease out some transformations in the uses of complexity in anthropology, and weave in some critical responses to these uses, spanning many decades, from within the discipline. I pay special attention to recent critiques by anthropologists who are beginning to grow weary of complexity as both an end‐in‐itself for scholarship and an empirical diagnosis. For these critics, complexity is deeply entwined with anthropological methods and knowledge practices. Drawing on these critical views, I suggest that complexity may be an epistemological artefact, rather than something that can be diagnosed ‘out there’, and offer a way of reframing complexity as a ‘dominant problematic’ in anthropology and beyond. 相似文献
7.
How Plant Root Exudates Shape the Nitrogen Cycle 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Devrim Coskun Dev T. Britto Weiming Shi Herbert J. Kronzucker 《Trends in plant science》2017,22(8):661-673
8.
9.
10.
Genome‐wide analysis identifies an african‐specific variant in SEMA4D associated with body mass index 下载免费PDF全文
Jie Zhou Lin Lei Amy R. Bentley Fasil Tekola-Ayele Sally N. Adebamowo Jennifer L. Baker Olufemi Fasanmade Godfrey Okafor Benjamin Eghan Jr. Kofi Agyenim‐Boateng Albert Amoah Clement Adebamowo Joseph Acheampong Thomas Johnson Johnnie Oli Daniel Shriner Adebowale A. Adeyemo Charles N. Rotimi 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2017,25(4):794-800