Comparative study of the changes in microanatomical organization of lymph nodes located and functioning in the area of venous congestion

By the morphometric method the microanatomical organization of the popliteal and kidney lymph nodes of the type Vi was studied in venous congestion. In the first experimental series (lymph nodes localize in venous congestion area) the venous congestion in the popliteal lymph nodes was created by the ligature of caudal vena cava. In the second experimental series (lymph nodes, which clean the venous congestion area--the kidney vena was tied up. The small and short time increase of the marginal sinus volume and hypertrophy of the medullary cords, which seemed about medullary substance B-zone stimulation were characteristically for the lymph nodes, localize in the venous congestion area. The sharp increase of the marginal sinus volume during the long experimental time and paracortical T-zone hyperplasia were characteristically for the lymph nodes, which clean the venous congestion area.     

Immunofluorescent analysis of meiotic recombination in the domestic cat

The paper presents the analysis of the frequency, density, and distribution of recombination sites in the male meiosis of the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus). The study was carried out using immunofluorescent staining of synaptonemal complex (SC) proteins, centromeric proteins and mismatch repair protein MLH1, a reliable marker of crossingover sites. We mapped 2633 sites of crossing over in 1098 individual autosomes. Based on these data, we estimated the total length of the genetic map of the domestic cat to be 2176 centimorgans. Positive correlation between the length of SC and the number of recombination sites common for mammalians was also found in the domestic cat. It was shown that this species was characterized by the highest density of recombination and the lowest interference in mammals.     

Internal Rhythmic Pattern of ECG Signal and the Efficiency of Adaptation to Cyclic Muscular Work

Spectral, coherent, and phase analysis within the low-frequency range of ECG records of athletic runners revealed that oscillations of ECG intervals (PQ-, RT-, P–T-, TP, and PP-intervals) were observed during orthostasis. These data were compared with the results of athletic exercise tests performed after the ECG examination. It was shown that the most effective type of adaptive reaction in these tests corresponds to a phase advance of the PQ-interval oscillations relative to the RT-interval oscillations. In the low-frequency range, the phases of the PQ-, RT-, and (P–T)-interval oscillations were ahead of the TP-interval oscillations, whereas the spectral density of the TP interval oscillations was significantly higher than the spectral density of the oscillations of the PC-, RT-, and (P–T)-intervals measured at the same frequency. The least effective type of adaptive reaction was shown to correlate with the phase advance of the TP-interval oscillations relative to the PQ-, RT-, and (P–T)-interval oscillations within the low-frequency range as well as with the lack of low-frequency modulation of the autospectra of the cardiac intervals of interest.     

Extraction of cholesterol from biological membranes with positively charged micelles of phosphatidylcholine

The content of cholesterol in red cell and platelet membranes was lowered in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis after intravenous injection of positively charged micelles of soybean phosphatidylcholine. That lowering was accompanied by a reduction in membrane microviscosity, rise of the activity of Na,K- and Ca-ATPases of red cells, and a decrease in the rate of the ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Injection of phosphatidylcholine gave rise to an increase in the blood serum content of phospholipids and cholesterol in high density lipoprotein fractions, to a reduction in the content of triglycerides and the atherogenicity index, as well as to the lowering of the microviscosity of high density lipoproteins. The aortal area affected by atherosclerotic lesions was 2 times less in the group of animals given phosphatidylcholine.     

The morphometric characteristics of the blood microcirculatory bed of the ovary and uterine tube in rats with aseptic inflammation and after the use of a carbon-mineral sorbent]

Morphometrical investigation of the blood microcirculatory bed has been performed using the material from nonpregnant rats. Changes in volumetric density of the arterial and venous parts of the microcirculatory bed in the ovary and uterine tube after application of the spherical carbonate-mineral sorbent (SUMS-1) demonstrate a corregating effect of the sorption applied.     

Dynamics of indices of the rat endocrine and lymphatic systems during cold adaptation

A study was made of the content of corticosterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the blood, of the thymic weight and cytomorphological characteristics of rat lymph nodes during prolonged cold (4-5 degrees C) adaptation. Interrelated alterations in the characteristics under study were revealed at different stages of adaptation. The morphofunctional recovery of the lymphoid tissue occurs in the phase of the increased specific stability in spite of the fact that the action of cold is continued and the blood corticosterone concentration is elevated. A new type of the endocrine-lymphoid relationships is supposed to be formed during lengthy adaptation, with this type being different from that both in the starting state and acute stress.     

An overview of malaria transmission from the perspective of Amazon Anopheles vectors

In the Americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in the Amazon Forest, which extends across nine countries. One keystone step to understanding the Plasmodium life cycle in Anopheles species from the Amazon Region is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. Several attempts to colonise Ano- pheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no success at all. In this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from the perspective of its Amazon vectors. Currently, it is possible to develop experimental Plasmodium vivax infection of the colonised and field-captured vectors in laboratories located close to Amazonian endemic areas. We are also reviewing studies related to the immune response to P. vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalis, a coastal mosquito species. Finally, we discuss the importance of the modulation of Plasmodium infection by the vector microbiota and also consider the anopheline genomes. The establishment of experimental mosquito infections with Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites that could provide interesting models for studying malaria in the Amazonian scenario is important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the parasites in New World vectors is crucial in order to better determine the interaction process and vectorial competence.     

Eukaryote-to-eukaryote gene transfer gives rise to genome mosaicism in euglenids

Background  

Euglenophytes are a group of photosynthetic flagellates possessing a plastid derived from a green algal endosymbiont, which was incorporated into an ancestral host cell via secondary endosymbiosis. However, the impact of endosymbiosis on the euglenophyte nuclear genome is not fully understood due to its complex nature as a 'hybrid' of a non-photosynthetic host cell and a secondary endosymbiont.