排序方式: 共有90条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Niall P. McNamara Ruth Gregg Simon Oakley Andy Stott Md. Tanvir Rahman J. Colin Murrell David A. Wardle Richard D. Bardgett Nick J. Ostle 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Boreal forests occupy nearly one fifth of the terrestrial land surface and are recognised as globally important regulators of carbon (C) cycling and greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon sequestration processes in these forests include assimilation of CO2 into biomass and subsequently into soil organic matter, and soil microbial oxidation of methane (CH4). In this study we explored how ecosystem retrogression, which drives vegetation change, regulates the important process of soil CH4 oxidation in boreal forests. We measured soil CH4 oxidation processes on a group of 30 forested islands in northern Sweden differing greatly in fire history, and collectively representing a retrogressive chronosequence, spanning 5000 years. Across these islands the build-up of soil organic matter was observed to increase with time since fire disturbance, with a significant correlation between greater humus depth and increased net soil CH4 oxidation rates. We suggest that this increase in net CH4 oxidation rates, in the absence of disturbance, results as deeper humus stores accumulate and provide niches for methanotrophs to thrive. By using this gradient we have discovered important regulatory controls on the stability of soil CH4 oxidation processes that could not have not been explored through shorter-term experiments. Our findings indicate that in the absence of human interventions such as fire suppression, and with increased wildfire frequency, the globally important boreal CH4 sink could be diminished. 相似文献
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The overall aim of this study was to test for inter-species variation in plant and soil responses to defoliation among a broad range of temperate grass species and life-history strategies. We used a microcosm experiment where a range of grass species differing in life history traits were subjected to different intensities of defoliation, and a range of aboveground and belowground plant and soil responses were measured. All plant attributes, including accumulated shoot biomass, root biomass and root length, showed a strong negative response to defoliation, although plant species exhibited subtle differences in the way that they responded to increased severity of defoliation. Defoliation also exerted a strong influence on soil properties, decreasing soil microbial carbon (C) and the soil microbial C:nitrogen (N) ratio, and increasing inorganic N availability and potential N mineralisation across all species. Despite the wide range in life history strategies, plant species did not differ in their influence on most of the soil variables, except for the rate of nitrate mineralisation, which was lowest under plant species that displayed the least relative detrimental responses to defoliation. Collectively, our results suggest that plant and soil responses to defoliation are reasonably consistent across a broad range of grass species, with only subtle inter-specific differences among species. 相似文献
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Pierre Mariotte Charlotte Vandenberghe Claire Meugnier Pierre Rossi Richard D. Bardgett Alexandre Buttler 《Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics》2013,15(2):77-85
Despite their low relative abundance, subordinate plant species may have larger impacts on ecosystem functioning than expected, but their role in plant communities remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to test how subordinate plant species influence the functioning of a species-rich semi-natural grasslands. A plant removal experiment was set-up in the mountain grasslands of the Jura Mountains (Switzerland) to test the impact of subordinate plant species on soil microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. The experiment included three treatments: removal of all subordinate species, partial biomass removal of dominant species, and a no biomass removal control. After 2 years of treatments, we determined soil microbial community (bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi) by T-RFLP analysis and measured litter decomposition, soil respiration, soil inorganic nitrogen (DIN) availability and throughout above-ground biomass production as measures of ecosystem function. The removal of subordinate plant species strongly affected bacterial and weakly influenced mycorrhizal fungi communities and decreased rates of plant litter decomposition, soil respiration and DIN availability with larger effects than the partial loss of dominant biomass. The removal of subordinate plant species did not modify plant community structure, but it did reduce total above-ground biomass production compared to the control plots. Collectively, our findings indicate that the loss of subordinate species can have significant consequences for soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions, suggesting that subordinate species are important drivers of ecosystem properties. 相似文献
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Susan E. Ward Richard D. Bardgett Niall P. McNamara John K. Adamson Nick J. Ostle 《Ecosystems》2007,10(7):1069-1083
Abstract
Using a 50-year-old field experiment, we investigated the effects of the long-term land management practices of repeated burning
and grazing on peatland vegetation and carbon dynamics (C). Plant community composition, C stocks in soils and vegetation,
and C fluxes of CO2, CH4 and DOC, were measured over an 18-month period. We found that both burning and grazing reduced aboveground C stocks, and
that burning reduced C stocks in the surface peat. Both burning and grazing strongly affected vegetation community composition,
causing an increase in graminoids and a decrease in ericoid subshrubs and bryophytes relative to unburned and ungrazed controls;
this effect was especially pronounced in burned treatments. Soil microbial properties were unaffected by grazing and showed
minor responses to burning, in that the C:N ratio of the microbial biomass increased in burned relative to unburned treatments.
Increases in the gross ecosystem CO2 fluxes of respiration and photosynthesis were observed in burned and grazed treatments relative to controls. Here, the greatest
effects were seen in the burning treatment, where the mean increase in gross fluxes over the experimental period was greater
than 40%. Increases in gross CO2 fluxes were greatest during the summer months, suggesting an interactive effect of land use and climate on ecosystem C cycling.
Collectively, our results indicate that long-term management of peatland has marked effects on ecosystem C dynamics and CO2 flux, which are primarily related to changes in vegetation community structure. 相似文献
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McCormack Sarah A. Ostle Nick Bardgett Richard D. Hopkins David W. Pereira M. Glória Vanbergen Adam J. 《Plant and Soil》2019,437(1-2):341-354
Plant and Soil - Shifts of plant community composition with enhanced atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in grasslands have occurred globally. Despite extensive studies on the effects of enhanced N... 相似文献
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Johan Van de Koppel Richard D. Bardgett Janne Bengtsson Claudino Rodriguez-Barrueco Max Rietkerk Martin J. Wassen Volkmar Wolters 《Ecosystems》2005,8(7):801-807
Food chain models have dominated empirical studies of trophic interactions in the past decades, and have lead to important
insights into the factors that control ecological communities. Despite the importance of food chain models in instigating
ecological investigations, many empirical studies still show a strong deviation from the dynamics that food chain models predict.
We present a theoretical framework that explains some of the discrepancies by showing that trophic interactions are likely
to be strongly influenced by the spatial configuration of consumers and their resources. Differences in the spatial scale
at which consumers and their resources function lead to uncoupling of the population dynamics of the interacting species,
and may explain overexploitation and depletion of resource populations. We discuss how changed land use, likely the most prominent
future stress on natural systems, may affect food web dynamics by interfering with the scale of interaction between consumers
and their resource. 相似文献
10.
Arthur A. D. Broadbent Helen S. K. Snell Antonios Michas William J. Pritchard Lindsay Newbold Irene Cordero Tim Goodall Nikolaus Schallhart Ruediger Kaufmann Robert I. Griffiths Michael Schloter Michael Bahn Richard D. Bardgett 《The ISME journal》2021,15(8):2264
Soil microbial communities regulate global biogeochemical cycles and respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions. However, understanding how soil microbial communities respond to climate change, and how this influences biogeochemical cycles, remains a major challenge. This is especially pertinent in alpine regions where climate change is taking place at double the rate of the global average, with large reductions in snow cover and earlier spring snowmelt expected as a consequence. Here, we show that spring snowmelt triggers an abrupt transition in the composition of soil microbial communities of alpine grassland that is closely linked to shifts in soil microbial functioning and biogeochemical pools and fluxes. Further, by experimentally manipulating snow cover we show that this abrupt seasonal transition in wide-ranging microbial and biogeochemical soil properties is advanced by earlier snowmelt. Preceding winter conditions did not change the processes that take place during snowmelt. Our findings emphasise the importance of seasonal dynamics for soil microbial communities and the biogeochemical cycles that they regulate. Moreover, our findings suggest that earlier spring snowmelt due to climate change will have far reaching consequences for microbial communities and nutrient cycling in these globally widespread alpine ecosystems.Subject terms: Metagenomics, Climate-change ecology, Microbial ecology, Biogeochemistry, Soil microbiology 相似文献