Effect of RA233 on Platelet Function In Vitro

RA233, a new pyrimido-pyrimidine compound, is a powerful inhibitor of platelet function tested in vitro; it inhibits calcium and adenosine diphosphate (A.D.P.)-induced platelet aggregation, inhibits the retention of platelets by glass beads, decreases the release of platelet factor 3 by kaolin, and inhibits clot retraction. In some in-vitro systems RA233 is significantly more potent that its analogue RA433 in inhibiting platelet function.     

Distribution of Streptomycin Resistant Strains of Erwinia amylovora in Egypt during 1988

A survey of the occurrence of strains of Erwinia amylovora resistant to streptomycin in certain Egyptian pear orchards was earned out during April and May 1988. Twenty-two isolates out of 604 isolates collected from 11 orchards showed resistance to streptomycin. All the streptomycin resistant (Str^r) strains isolated in the present work were resistant to high levels of streptomycin with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1000 to 3000 μg/ml. The occurrence of Str^r strains in Egypt is still limited and the population of resistant strains was at relatively low level. However, such occurrence of E. amylovora with resistance to streptomycin is a potentially serious situation.     

In healthy habitual smokers acetylsalicylic acid abolishes the effects of tobacco smoke on the platelet aggregate ratio.

After abstinence for at least 8 hours, 20 healthy habitual smokers smoked two unfiltered cigarettes during each of two 20-minute periods separated by 48 hours. They had taken one 0.32-g tablet of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) the night before the second period. The mean platelet aggregate ratios in venous blood taken immediately before and after each period of smoking were 0.79 and 0.70 respectively when ASA had not been taken beforehand and 0.89 and 0.91 when it had. The mean after smoking was significantly higher when ASA had been taken beforehand. In conjunction with the previous finding that in nonsmokers ASA prevented a lowering of the platelet aggregate ratio by experimental smoking without affecting the ratio before smoking, the data from the present study suggest that ASA abolishes both acute and longer-lasting effects of tobacco smoke on the platelet aggregate ratio in healthy habitual smokers.     

Prediction of stenosis behaviour in artery by neural network and multiple linear regressions

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - Blood flow analysis in the artery is a paramount study in the field of arterial stenosis evaluation. Studies conducted so far have reported the...     

Clinical signs and household characteristics associated with human fascioliasis among rural population in Egypt: a case-control study

The symptomatology associated with human fascioliasis has been studied mostly in hospitalised subjects. Very little is known about clinical signs and symptoms associated with infections in human endemic zones, as well as on possible new ways of transmission which might be responsible for the increased number of human cases reported in recent years. This information is of great importance to facilitate diagnosis and plan effective control measures. With the objective to identify clinical signs, blood tests, household characteristics and hygienic habits associated with human fascioliasis, a cross-sectional case-control study was implemented among the rural population of three endemic foci in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Clinical history was collected from 53 cases of fascioliasis and the same number of individually matched controls. They received a complete clinical examination and a range of blood tests was performed on them. Information on socio-economic conditions, dietary and hygienic habits was also collected. The most important complaints, associated with the infection, were right abdominal pain (Odds Ratio 20, P = 0.005), epigastric burning (o.r. 16, P = 0.007) and nausea (o.r. 8, P = 0.05). Blood analyses reported a marked increase in blood eosinophils (o.r 1.3, P = 0.001) among cases. The presence of cows (o.r 3.2), buffaloes (o.r 3.0) and goats (o.r 2.6) in the household was closely associated with the infection together with the habit to bring those animals to the canal for bathing and/or drinking (o.r. 3.2). Among dietary habits investigated, eating raw seeds was more common in cases than controls (o.r. 9, P = 0.03) and emerged as a possible new way of infection.     

Consistent Association of Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variants Found in Europeans in Diverse Racial and Ethnic Groups

It has been recently hypothesized that many of the signals detected in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to T2D and other diseases, despite being observed to common variants, might in fact result from causal mutations that are rare. One prediction of this hypothesis is that the allelic associations should be population-specific, as the causal mutations arose after the migrations that established different populations around the world. We selected 19 common variants found to be reproducibly associated to T2D risk in European populations and studied them in a large multiethnic case-control study (6,142 cases and 7,403 controls) among men and women from 5 racial/ethnic groups (European Americans, African Americans, Latinos, Japanese Americans, and Native Hawaiians). In analysis pooled across ethnic groups, the allelic associations were in the same direction as the original report for all 19 variants, and 14 of the 19 were significantly associated with risk. In summing the number of risk alleles for each individual, the per-allele associations were highly statistically significant (P<10⁻⁴) and similar in all populations (odds ratios 1.09–1.12) except in Japanese Americans the estimated effect per allele was larger than in the other populations (1.20; P_het = 3.8×10⁻⁴). We did not observe ethnic differences in the distribution of risk that would explain the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in these groups as compared to European Americans. The consistency of allelic associations in diverse racial/ethnic groups is not predicted under the hypothesis of Goldstein regarding “synthetic associations” of rare mutations in T2D.     

Ultrasound system to measure esophageal varix pressure: an in vitro validation study

We report our experience with an ultrasound system to measure esophageal varix pressure in an in vitro model. The ultrasound system consists of a 12.5 MHz frequency intraluminal ultrasound probe, a water infusion catheter, and a manometry catheter, all contained within a nondistensible latex bag. Esophagi and external jugular veins were harvested from five pigs. The vein and ultrasound system were placed inside the esophagus. One end of the vein was connected to a water reservoir to modulate its pressure; the other end was connected in two different ways to simulate hydrodynamic and hydrostatic flow conditions. The bag was inflated with water until vein occlusion was discernible on the ultrasound images. The influences of vein pressure, vein cross-sectional area and esophageal elasticity on the ultrasound measurement of vein pressure were assessed. A total of 108 trials were performed at nine different vein pressures. Complete vein occlusion occurred when the bag pressure was slightly greater (1.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg) than the vein pressure. For a vein pressure of 25 mmHg, the average occlusion and opening pressures were 27 +/- 0.2 and 25.7 +/- 0.3 mmHg, respectively (P < .05) suggesting that the vein opening pressure on the ultrasound images is more accurate than the vein closing pressure. In conclusion, the ultrasound technique can accurately measure intravariceal pressure in vitro. The bag pressure at the point of vein reopening is the best determinant of the vein pressure.     

Polymorphisms of TNFalpha, IL1beta, and IL1RN genes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is recognized that genetic factors play a role in the susceptibility to COPD. COPD is characterized by airflow limitation. Chronic inflammation causes small airway disease and parenchymal destruction, leading to the airflow limitation. Polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes may confer a risk for the development of COPD. A case-control association study was performed in Japanese population (88 COPD patients and 61 controls) and Egyptian population (106 patients and 72 controls). Genotype and allele frequencies of the TNFalpha -308 G/A and +489 G/A polymorphisms, the IL1beta -511 C/T, -31 T/C, and +3954 C/T polymorphisms, and a VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL1RN gene were investigated. In addition, pairwise haplotype frequencies were analyzed. When studied independently, none of the polymorphisms were associated with the development of COPD in both populations. However, in the Egyptian population, the distributions of the haplotype (IL1beta -31 T/C : IL1beta +3954 C/T) were significantly different between the COPD patients and the controls (p(corr)=0.0037). Our findings suggest that this haplotype within the IL1beta gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD and that the genetic factors of COPD susceptibility might be different between different populations.