不同海拔下全程覆膜对烤烟光合功能和产量、质量的影响

以烤烟"云烟87"为材料,研究了在湖北省恩施州2种海拔下(1000、1300 m),全程覆膜和团棵期揭膜培土2种措施对烤烟光合功能和产量、质量的影响.结果表明:在2个海拔下,全程覆膜均会在烟株生育后期引起净光合速率和叶绿素含量快速下降,加速了光合功能的衰退,从而导致光合同化物分解加速;在海拔1000 m处,团棵期揭膜培土措施提高了烤烟总体光合功能,增加光合同化产物,明显提高产量和品质;在海拔1300 m处,虽然全程覆膜有早衰现象发生,但总体光合功能及其同化产物含量仍处于较高水平;在本试验条件下,在海拔1000 m处提倡采用团棵期揭膜培土的措施,在海拔1300 m处提倡采用全程覆膜的生产措施.

Abstract：

Field experiments were conducted at the elevations 1000 m and 1300 m in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei to study the effects of plastic film mulching in whole growth period and of uncovering plastic film and hilling at rosette stage on the photosynthetic function,yield,and quality of flue-cured tobacco Yunyan 87.At the two elevations,plastic film mulching in whole growth period caused a rapid decrease of net photosynthetic rate and leaf chlorophyll content at the later growth stages of tobacco,and thus,accelcrated the decline of photosynthetic function,and induced the rapid decomposition of assimilation products.At the elevation 1000 m,uncovering plastic film and hilling at rosette stage enhanced the photosynthetic function,in creased the assimilation products,and improved tobacco yield and quality.At elevation 1300 m,plastic film mulching in whole growth period caused the premature senescence,but maintained the photosynthetic function and assimilation products at a higher level.It was advocated that in the study area,plastic film mulching in whole growth period and uncovering plastic film and hilling at rosette stage would be appropriate for cultivating flue-cured tobacco at the elevations 1300m and 1000 m,respectively.