波尔山羊杂交后代及其亲本随机扩增多态DNA研究

利用随机扩增多态DNA技术研究了波尔山羊、唐山奶山羊、青龙本地山羊以及波尔山羊与这两个山羊群体杂交后代共计128个山羊个体的随机扩增多态DNA。结果表明：（1）总群体平均遗传多样性指数（Hsp）为0.6974,群体遗传分化指数为0.9706,山羊群体间平均遗传距离指数（0.1314～0.2052）明显大于群体内的相应值（0.0582～0.1440）,上述结果说明,所研究山羊群体不仅具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,而且其核基因组遗传变异主要存在于群体间。（2）山羊群体间的分子聚类关系与各群体间的亲缘关系基本一致。 Abstract:The random amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）of 128 individuals was studied,which were from Boer goat, Tangshan dairy goat,Qinglong native goat and their hybrids crossbred with Boer goat.The average index of genetic polymorphism for whole population（Hsp）and the index of genetic differentiation were 0.6974 and 0.9706,respectively.The average index of genetic distance between populations（0.1314～0.2052）was significantly higher than that within populations（0.0582～0.1440）.All of these indicated that the genetic polymorphism was not only abundant,but also the genetic variation was mainly existed between goat populations.The molecular dendrogram among goat populations was in accord with their genetic relationship.     

高海拔地区昆明野生动物园大熊猫春季刻板行为探究

2011年2月26日～5月2日,在高海拔地区昆明云南野生动物园,采用连续记录法(Continuous recording) 和焦点动物取样法(Focal animal sampling)记录与分析了3只亚成年雌性大熊猫昼间刻板行为发生频次和持续时间,并就温度、游客流量与刻板行为发生的相关性进行了初步探讨.结果表明,大熊猫刻板行为发生频次(次·h-1)高峰和持续时间( min·h-1)较长的高峰均出现在10:00～11:00和16:00～17:00,各时段行为表达水平存在极显著差异(x2=61.183,P＜0.01;x2 =56.470,P＜0.01).个体间刻板行为持续时间昼间分布无显著差异(x2=3.185,P＞0.05);个体间发生频次在14:00～15:00时段存在显著差异(x2=7.796,P＜0.05),而在其他时段则存在极显著差异(x2=11.536 ～20.212,P＜0.01).温度与刻板行为发生频次、持续时间均无显著相关性(rx=-0.067,P＞0.05;rs=-0.012,P＞0.05);游客流量与持续时间、发生频次有一定的正相关,但不显著(rs =0.187,P＞0.05;rs=0.159,P＞0.05).此外,在刻板行为型时间分配格局中,以刻板踱步最高,占56.78％,其次为爬笼、吮掌,而旋转、摇摆及坐着旋转等其他刻板行为表现较少,其总和仅占1.20％.