Short-term propamocarb exposure induces hepatic metabolism disorder associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in adult male zebrafish

Propamocarb (PM) is a pesticide that is widely used to protect cucumbers and other plants from downy mildew.Recently,some studies indicated that PM exposure had potential toxic effects in animals.In this study,adult male zebrafish were exposed to 100 and 1000 μg/l PM for 7 days to assess its effects on metabolism and the gut microbiota.We observed a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) in the livers of zebrafish that were exposed to 1000 μg/l PM for 7 days.At the same time,some genes related to glycolysis and lipid metabolism in the livers of zebrafish,including hexokinase-1 (HK1),pyruvate kinase (PK),acyi-CoA oxidase (Aco),peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (Ppar-α),apolipoprotein A-Ⅳ-like (Apo),Acetyl CoA carboxylase-1 (Acc1),diacylglycerol acyltransferase (Dgat),and fatty acid synthase (Fas),were also decreased significantly after PM exposure.Based on GC-MS metabolomics analysis,a total of 48 metabolites changed significantly in the 1000 μg/l PM treatment group in comparison with the control group.These altered metabolites were mainly associated with the glycolysis,amino acid metabolism,and lipid metabolism pathways.Interestingly,we further found that the 1000 μg/l PM treatment group also showed significant elevations in Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Firmicutes at the phylum level.Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in the V3-V4 region also showed a significant change in the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in the 1000 μg/l PM treatment group.Our results indicated that exposure to PM for a short time could induce hepatic metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in adult male zebrafish.     

长链非编码RNA RLM通过影响AMPK的磷酸化调节HepG2细胞中的脂质沉积

长非编码RNAs（long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs）是一类长度大于200 nt、不能编码蛋白质的RNA分子,可通过AMPK、胰岛素受体等多种信号通路,调节细胞糖脂代谢。本研究发现,HepG2细胞中一条未报道的长链非编码RNA,命名为lnc-RLM（lnc-regulate lipid metabolism）。通过敲低HepG2细胞中lnc RLM,检测细胞中甘油三脂含量及脂质代谢相关调节因子表达量。结果显示,实验组较对照组甘油三酯含量显著升高（P<0.05）;AMPK磷酸化水平显著下调,脂质合成相关因子SREBP 1c和FAS表达量上调;同时,细胞中乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）活性较对照组显著上调（P<0.05）。在lnc RLM敲低的HepG2细胞中,利用AMPK激动剂（A-769662）作用细胞24 h,结果显示,降低的AMPK磷酸化水平并不会因AMPK激动剂的作用而显著升高。本研究结果说明,HepG2细胞中敲低lnc-RLM表达量,可通过影响AMPK磷酸化水平,调节HepG2细胞中脂质沉积。这为今后研究AMPK活性调节提供新的可能,也为代谢性疾病的治疗提供了新思路。     

抑制自噬促进冬凌草甲素诱导的多发性骨髓瘤细胞凋亡涉及胞内ROS产生

目的本实验主要研究冬凌草甲素诱导多发性骨髓瘤发生自噬、凋亡,两者之间的关系以及所涉及的相关机制。方法利用MTT比色法检测冬凌草甲素对多发性骨髓瘤RPMI8226细胞的增殖活性影响;透视电镜观察细胞内凋亡和自噬的形态学改变;TUNEL检测细胞凋亡;分别利用以下技术检测处理后的细胞内的自噬变化:使用QDs605nm-Anti-LC3荧光探针以及免疫荧光技术定位细胞胞内LC3Ⅰ和LC3Ⅱ蛋白,利用western blot免疫印记技术检测Beclin 1蛋白表达水平;利用DCFH-DA探针以及流式细胞术检测细胞胞内ROS水平。结果冬凌草甲素能明显抑制RPMI8226细胞增殖,其抑制作用呈时间、剂量依赖性;冬凌草甲素能同时诱发细胞凋亡、自噬和胞内ROS产生;NAC完全抑制胞内ROS产生后冬凌草甲素诱导的细胞凋亡消失;3-MA抑制自噬后,冬凌草甲素诱导的胞内ROS产生进一步增多,凋亡增多。结论冬凌草甲素能明显抑制RPMI8226细胞增殖;冬凌草甲素同时诱发细胞凋亡和自噬;胞内ROS产生介导冬凌草甲素诱导的凋亡;凋亡为细胞死亡的主要途径,而自噬通过下调胞内ROS产生抑制凋亡。     

Comparison of tree sprouting in three regeneration stages of an evergreen broadleaved forest in a karst landscape, SW China

Little is known about the role of tree sprouting in the regeneration of karst forest communities. In Shilin Stone Forest Geographical Park, southwestern China, all genets with the largest stem ?3 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) and/or stumps ?3 cm BD (basal diameter) were identified and number of sprouts counted in 10 transects (10 m × 100 m) in each of three evergreen broadleaved forest stands representing three regeneration stages (about 10, 20, and 30 years old). Species with >10 genets accounted for 72.4% of the 76 species, and all of them showed evidence of sprouting. One-third to two-thirds of the genets in the three forests were sprouting, with an average of 4.0–5.7 sprouts per sprouting genet. Sprouting capability (sprouting genets/total genets) and intensity (sprouts per sprouting genet) differed significantly among the three forest stages. More than 90% of the damaged genets were sprouting. The number of sprouts in a non-damaged genet was determined by intrinsic sprouting ability, and the number of sprouts in damaged genets was determined by stump size. As the forest developed, percentage of damaged genets increased, the portion of shoots ≥3 cm DBH co-existing in a genet decreased, and the portion of shoots <3 cm DBH sprouted from damaged genet increased. Thus the role of sprouting changed from contributing recruitment in the young stage to persistence in the later stage.     

Simulating the rice yield change in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under SRES B2 scenario

As one of the most important crops in China, rice accounts for 18% of the country’s total cultivated area. Increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration and associated climate change may greatly affect the rice productivity. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on rice production is of great significance. This paper aims to examine the potential impacts of future climate change on the rice yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is one of the most important food production regions in China. Climate data generated by the regional climate Model PRECIS for the baseline (1961–1990) and future (2021–2050) period under IPCC SRES B2 scenario were employed as the input of the rice crop model ORYZA2000. Four experimental schemes were carried out to evaluate the effects of future climate warming, CO₂ fertilization and water managements (i.e., irrigation and rain-fed) on rice production. The results indicated that the average rice growth duration would be shortened by 4 days and the average rice yield would be declined by more than 14% as mean temperature raised by 1.5 °C during the rice growing season in 2021–2050 period under B2 scenario. This negative effect of climate warming was more obvious on the middle and late rice than early rice, since both of them experience higher mean temperature and more extreme high temperature events in the growth period from July to September. The significance effect of the enhanced CO₂ fertilization to rice yield was found under elevated CO₂ concentrations in 2021–2050 period under B2 scenario, which would increase rice yield by more than 10%, but it was still not enough to offset the negative effect of increasing temperature. As an important limiting factor to rice yield, precipitation contributed less to the variation of rice yield than either increased temperature or CO₂ fertilization, while the spatial distribution of rice yield depended on the temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation and temperature. Compared to the rain-fed rice, the irrigated rice generally had higher rice yield over the study area, since the irrigated rice was less affected by climate change. Irrigation could increase the rice yield by more than 50% over the region north of the Yangtze River, with less contribution to the south, since irrigation can relieve the water stress for rice growing in the north region of the study area. The results above indicated that future climate change would significantly affect the rice production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the adverse effect of future climate change on rice production will be reduced by taking adaptation measures to avoid disadvantages. However, there is uncertainty in the rice production response prediction due to the rice acclimation to climate change and bias in the simulation of rice yield with uncertainty of parameters accompanied with the uncertainty of future climate change scenario.     

三种淡水鱼类在中国南北两个地区的肠道菌群差异比较

山东省德州市禹城市和湖南省长沙市望城区分别属于我国北方和南方地区,环境和气候差异明显。本试验以禹城市和望城区两地的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)为研究对象,对肠道中的菌群进行16s rRNA V4高变区扩增,基于IonS5 TM XL测序平台进行测序,并对相关数据进行分析。结果表明,在门水平上鲫鱼、鲤鱼、草鱼的肠道优势菌主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)、硬壁菌门(Firmicutes),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),各组中这四种菌门所占比之和均在80%以上;基于Bray-Curtis距离值的秩次进行组间差异显著性检验,山东草鱼组和湖南草鱼组比较中组间差异大于组内差异(R=0.307,P<0.05),且线性判别分析显示湖南草鱼组的特征性菌群为弧菌属,而山东草鱼组的为梭菌纲,推测特征性菌群差异与环境的影响有关;有害菌种的统计分析表明,湖南鲫鱼组和鲤鱼组的嗜水气单胞菌属相对丰度明显高于对应的山东鲫鱼组和鲤鱼组,山东草鱼组和鲤鱼组的弧菌属相对丰度高于对应的湖南草鱼组和鲤鱼组,可能受外界环境的影响,不同地区抵御外来有害细菌的能力也不一样。本研究对两地的淡水鱼类肠道微生物群落结构进行了比较和分析,为进一步的鱼类发育研究奠定基础。     

基于DNA变异在亚欧混合人群中预测男性型脱发

男性型脱发(male pattern baldness,MPB)是一种雄激素依赖性的遗传性脱发疾病,对个人形象、心理产生较大的消极影响.近期欧美人群中进行的大样本全基因组关联分析(genome wide association studies,GWAS)已报道大量与MPB相关的遗传易感性单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)位点,但这些位点在东亚人群中的遗传效应尚不清楚.本研究基于我国684个亚欧混合人群(Eurasian)样本,对在英国生物样本库(UK Biobank) 205 327个欧洲男性GWAS分析发现的624个与MPB相关的SNPs进行人群异质性分析,基于多基因风险打分(polygenic risk scores,PRS)建立预测模型,并对预测因子数量与模型预测性能的关系进行了研究.通过质控的467个SNPs中6.9%与MPB显著相关(P0.05).结合年龄、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)和25个SNPs建立的线性回归和逻辑回归模型,效果较好(R~2=28.9%,AUC=0.82).年龄对模型效果影响较大(R~2=22.9%,AUC=0.77),结合BMI及68个SNPs时AUC达到最大(约0.89).本研究表明MPB在欧洲和东亚人群中存在较强的遗传异质性,选取SNPs子集能达到与全集相近的预测准确性,预测模型有助于东亚人群MPB遗传机制的理解及疾病的早期诊断和预防.