抑制剂K-23对菠菜光系统Ⅱ放氧活性和希尔反应的影响

研究了新的抑制剂K-23对波菜(Spinacia oleracea Mill.) PSⅡ放氧活性和2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol(DCIP)光还原活性的影响.研究发现:抑制剂K-23在低浓度时对PSⅡ放氧活性有明显促进作用,而对DCIP光还原活性的促进作用不太明显.在高浓度时抑制PSⅡ放氧活性和DCIP光还原.对K-23的抑制部位进行了初步探讨.     

光系统Ⅱ反应中心的晶体结构被确定——膜结构生物学的重大突破

在 2 0 0 1年 2月 8日英国出版的权威科学杂志ＮＡＴＵＲＥ上 (Ｖｏｌ.4 0 9:73 9～ 74 3 ) ,德国柏林马普学会生物物理化学研究所的ＺｏｕｎｉＡ .,ＷｉｔｔＨ .Ｔ .,ＫｅｒｎＪ.,ＦｒｏｍｍｅＰ .,ＫｒａｕβＮ .,ＳａｅｎｇｅｒＷ .和ＯｒｔｈＰ .七位科学家发表了关于系统ＩＩ的高分辨率晶体结构的重要论文 ,题目译为中文是“蓝藻Ｓｙｎｅｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｅｌｏｎｇａｔｕｓ光系统ＩＩ的 3 .8埃分辨率的晶体结构”。首次报道了用Ｘ＿射线衍射方法获得的具有放氧活性的光系统ＩＩ反应中心的晶体结构数据 ,并且对蛋白亚基和色素的位置…     

超高产杂交稻两优培九的光合作用、光抑制和C4途径酶特性

比较研究了超高产杂交稻(Oryza sativa L.)两优培九和常规杂交稻汕优63剑叶的光合气体交换、光抑制, 以及其剑叶和稃片中的C₄酶活性. 发现两优培九和汕优63的光饱和同化速率(Asat)与汕优63相差无几, 但是, 其表观量子效率(AQY)、羧化效率(CE)和CO₂同化的量子效率(FCO₂)都远远高于汕优63. 强光条件下, 超高产杂交稻两优培九表现出比汕优63更强的抗光抑制能力, 并且具有较高的以叶黄素循环为量度的非辐射能量耗散. 此外, 两优培九的剑叶和稃片中的C₄途径酶活性均高于汕优63. 这些结果表明, 较高的光能和CO₂利用效率、较强的抗光抑制能力, 以及剑叶和稃片中C₄途径的较高表达可能是超高产杂交稻两优培九高产的重要保证.     

Characterization of photosynthesis, photoinhibition and the activities of C4 pathway enzymes in a superhigh-yield rice, Liangyoupeijiu

Characteristics of photosynthetic gas exchange, photoinhibition and C₄ pathway enzyme activities in both flag leaves and lemma were compared between a superhigh-yield rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrid, Liangyoupeijiu and a traditional rice hybrid, Shanyou63. Liangyoupeijiu had a similar light saturated assimilation rate (Asat) to Shanyou63, but a much higher apparent quantum yield (AQY), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and quantum yield of CO₂ fixation (ΦCO₂). Liangyoupeijiu also showed a higher resistance to photoinhibition and higher non-radiative energy dissipation associated with the xanthophyll cycle than Shanyou63 when subjected to strong light. In addition, Liangyoupeijiu had higher activities of the C₄ pathway enzymes in both flag leaves and lemmas than Shanyou63. These results indicate that higher light and CO₂ use efficiency, higher resistance to photoinhibition and C₄ pathway in both flag leaf and lemma may contribute to the higher yield of the superhigh-yield rice hybrid, Liangyoupeijiu.     

Characterization of photosynthesis, photoinhibition and the activities of C4 pathway enzymes in a superhigh-yield rice, Liangyoupeijiu

Characteristics of photosynthetic gas exchange, photoinhibition and C4 pathway enzyme activities in both flag leaves and lemma were compared between a superhigh-yield rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrid, Liangyoupeijiu and a traditional rice hybrid, Shanyou63. Liangyoupeijiu had a similar light saturated assimilation rate (Asat) to Shanyou63, but a much higher apparent quantum yield (AQY), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and quantum yield of CO2 fixation (φCO2). Liangyoupeijiu also showed a higher resistance to photoinhibition and higher non-radiative energy dissipation associated with the xanthophyll cycle than Shanyou63 when subjected to strong light. In addition, Liangyoupeijiu had higher activities of the C4 pathway enzymes in both flag leaves and lemmas than Shanyou63. These results indicate that higher light and CO2 use efficiency, higher resistance to photoinhibition and C4 pathway in both flag leaf and lemma may contribute to the higher yield of the superhigh-yield rice hybrid, Liangyoupeijiu.