Genetic analysis and mapping of gene fzp(t) controlling spikelet differentiation in rice

Monocots and dicots have diverged for 120 million years. The floral morpha of cereals isunique and much different from that of dicot plants. Nevertheless, it has been found that most genes controlling flower development share a conserved sequence called MADS-box[1]. Therefore,it is likely that monocots and dicots could have similar basic characteristics of flower developmentbut the mechanisms of genetic regulation for flowering induction and floral differentiation might be different[2,3]. Du…     

水稻小穗分化调控基因fzp(t)的遗传分析和分子标记定位

从V20B/花1B杂交后代中发现了水稻小穗分化受阻的突变体fzp. fzp株叶形态正常, 但植株分蘖数明显减少, 最显著的变异是fzp植株的小穗分化完全被阻断, 在正常植株枝梗分化为小穗的部位, fzp植株却形成一团枝梗. 遗传分析表明,fzp受一对隐性基因控制, 其相应基因拟名为fzp(t). 显然fzp(t)是控制小穗分化的关键基因. 在一些F2群体中, 因遗传背景发生改变, 部分突变型植株表现为“中间类型”, 推测可能是冗余基因或其他修饰基因、互作基因的作用. 采用微卫星标记技术和BSA分析方法, 将突变基因fzp(t)定位于第7染色体上的长臂末端, 其中RM172和RM248位于fzp(t)一侧, 它们与fzp(t)的遗传图距分别为3.3和6.4 cM; RM18和RM234位于fzp(t)的另一侧, 与fzp(t)的遗传距离分别为23.1和25.3 cM. 研究结果为进一步对该基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了基础.     

C2H2型锌指基因 OsZPT5-07调节水稻根系的发育

根系是水稻的重要营养器官,起固着、吸收养分和水分的作用。已有的表达分析结果显示,水稻C2H2型锌指基因OsZPT5-07主要在水稻根系中表达,推测该基因可能参与调节水稻根系的发育。为了分析OsZPT5-07的功能,我们构建了OsZPT5-07的过量表达载体ProUbi:OsZPT5-07和抑制表达的RNAi载体pTCK303-OsZPT5-07,将这两种载体转到粳稻品种中花15后,分别获得了18个过量表达和21个抑制表达的转基因株系。观察这些转基因水稻幼苗的根部形态,发现增强OsZPT5-07的表达能明显促进水稻幼苗根系的生长;而减少OsZPT5-07的表达则明显抑制水稻幼苗根系的生长。这些结果表明,OsZPT5-07可能参与调节水稻根系的发育。     

Genetic analysis and mapping of gene fzp(t) controlling spikelet differentiation in rice

A mutant of spikelet differentiation in rice called frizzle panicle (fzp) was discovered in the progeny of a cross between Oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. V20B and cv. Hua1B. The mutant exhibits normal plant morphology but has apparently fewer tillers. The most striking change in fzp is that its spikelet differentiation is completely blocked, with unlimited subsequent rachis branches generated from the positions where spikelets normally develop in wild-type plants. Genetic analysis suggests that fzp is controlled by a single recessive gene, which is temporarily named fzp (t). Based on its mutant phenotype, fzp (t) represents a key gene controlling spikelet differentiation. Some F2 mutant plants derived from various genetic background appeared as the "middle type", suggesting that the action of fzp (t) is influenced by the presence of redundant, modifier or interactive genes. By using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method, fzp (t) gene was mapped in the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 7, with RM172 and RM248 on one side, 3.2 cM and 6.4 cM from fzp (t), and RM18 and RM234 on the other side, 23.1 cM and 26.3 cM from fzp(t), respectively. These results will facilitate the positional cloning and function studies of the gene.     

不同光质和钙对小麦幼苗硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的影响

蓝光,红光,远红外都可诱导小麦幼苗硝酸还原酶的活性。黄化苗经红光照射后立即照射远红光,可逆转红光对硝酸还原酶活性的诱导效应,钙可促进这一效应。绿苗在缺钙时滑有光逆转效应,有钙时则表现部分逆转效应。     

水稻小穗特征基因FZP的图位克隆

FZP是水稻中控制小穗分化的一个关键基因,先前已将它定位在第7染色体上。通过进一步对该基因进行精细定位和图位克隆,找到2个SSR标记NRM6和NRM8,将该基因锁定在一个遗传距离为1．2cM的范围内(两标记与目标基因的遗传距离分别为0．2cM和1．0cM),相应的物理距离为144kb。发现在预期的目标基因位置,存在一个具有类似AP2结构域的基因。已知AP2是一个控制植物花发育的重要基因。因此,这个基因应是FZP的一个候选基因。PCR扩增结果显示,突变体中该基因有一个大约4kb的插人片段,与向共分离。由此可以初步认为,该基因就是FZP。     

2011年第12期《遗传》封面说明

多效基因指同时控制多个性状的基因,当其突变后会引起多个性状的表型改变。研究表明,植物中存在许多多效基因,它们在植物营养生长和生殖发育的调控中起着关键作用。本研究分析了一个新的水稻多效基因DDF1,它同时控制