Genetic analysis and mapping of gene fzp(t) controlling spikelet differentiation in rice

Monocots and dicots have diverged for 120 million years. The floral morpha of cereals isunique and much different from that of dicot plants. Nevertheless, it has been found that most genes controlling flower development share a conserved sequence called MADS-box[1]. Therefore,it is likely that monocots and dicots could have similar basic characteristics of flower developmentbut the mechanisms of genetic regulation for flowering induction and floral differentiation might be different[2,3]. Du…     

水稻叶色与若干农艺性状连锁遗传的分析

以遗传方式为抑制互作的两对叶色基因为遗传标记,检测了绿叶品种Y双402与紫叶品种紫稻的杂交F₂中遗传标记与7个数量性状的基因间的连锁关系．发现控制株高、有效分孽、穗长、粒重和穗粒数的QTL（拟名为ht-1,tl, pal, gw和gn）与色素抑制基因I-P1(t）连锁,重组率分别为0、0、0.06,0.04和0.06．另一控制株高的QTL(拟名ht-2)与色素基因Pl(t)连锁,重组率为0.09．对株高、穗长和粒重3个性状而言,增效基因对减效基因为完全显性;有效分孽和穗粒数两性状的QTL只表现简单的加性效应．     

水稻小穗分化调控基因fzp(t)的遗传分析和分子标记定位

从V20B/花1B杂交后代中发现了水稻小穗分化受阻的突变体fzp. fzp株叶形态正常, 但植株分蘖数明显减少, 最显著的变异是fzp植株的小穗分化完全被阻断, 在正常植株枝梗分化为小穗的部位, fzp植株却形成一团枝梗. 遗传分析表明,fzp受一对隐性基因控制, 其相应基因拟名为fzp(t). 显然fzp(t)是控制小穗分化的关键基因. 在一些F2群体中, 因遗传背景发生改变, 部分突变型植株表现为“中间类型”, 推测可能是冗余基因或其他修饰基因、互作基因的作用. 采用微卫星标记技术和BSA分析方法, 将突变基因fzp(t)定位于第7染色体上的长臂末端, 其中RM172和RM248位于fzp(t)一侧, 它们与fzp(t)的遗传图距分别为3.3和6.4 cM; RM18和RM234位于fzp(t)的另一侧, 与fzp(t)的遗传距离分别为23.1和25.3 cM. 研究结果为进一步对该基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了基础.     

Genetic analysis and mapping of gene fzp(t) controlling spikelet differentiation in rice

A mutant of spikelet differentiation in rice called frizzle panicle (fzp) was discovered in the progeny of a cross between Oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. V20B and cv. Hua1B. The mutant exhibits normal plant morphology but has apparently fewer tillers. The most striking change in fzp is that its spikelet differentiation is completely blocked, with unlimited subsequent rachis branches generated from the positions where spikelets normally develop in wild-type plants. Genetic analysis suggests that fzp is controlled by a single recessive gene, which is temporarily named fzp (t). Based on its mutant phenotype, fzp (t) represents a key gene controlling spikelet differentiation. Some F2 mutant plants derived from various genetic background appeared as the "middle type", suggesting that the action of fzp (t) is influenced by the presence of redundant, modifier or interactive genes. By using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method, fzp (t) gene was mapped in the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 7, with RM172 and RM248 on one side, 3.2 cM and 6.4 cM from fzp (t), and RM18 and RM234 on the other side, 23.1 cM and 26.3 cM from fzp(t), respectively. These results will facilitate the positional cloning and function studies of the gene.     

关于回交世代方差中加性×显性分量的讨论A

当两系统存在k对基因差异,P1中增效基因为k-k’对,减效基因k’对时,两纯系杂交回交群体遗传方差加性×显性分量的数学式为F=(k-k’)∑(i=1)d1h1-k’∑(i=1) d1h1.。F的大小决定于显性齐性和基因分散的程度。因此在一般情况下,F的遗传含义是混杂不清的。只有基因完全相联时F=k∑(i=1)d1h1,与Mather 和Jinks 的推导结果一致,这时F反映显性齐性程度。Abstract: Assuming kpairs of different genes between two pure parental lines (P1 and P2), k-k’ pairs of increasing genes and k’ pairs of deereasing genes in P1,the comoponent of additive×dominance in the genetic variance of the backcross generation is represented as F=(k-k’)∑(i=1)d1h1-k’∑(i=1) d1h1.The component F is determined by both the consistency of dominance and the dispersion of genes. In genetral, the genetic implication of the component F is complexity.Only under the situation of complete associates of genes F=k∑(i=1)d1h1,which agrees with the result by Mather and Jinks. In such case, F illustrates the consistency of dominance.     

水稻R基因同源序列与遗传学上已知抗病基因的共定位(英文)

植物抗病（R）基因结构上的高度保守性,为利用基于PCR的方法快速分离R基因同源序列提供了基础。采用这种方法,我们曾从水稻中分离到8个R基因候选同源序列（Rgenecandidates,RGCs）。为了研究RGCs与遗传学上已知的R基因的关系,对它们进行了限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析和染色体定位。DNA杂交结果显示RGCs都属于多基因家族（Fig．1）。6个RGCs（Osh359－1、Osh359－2、Osh359－3、Osh359－5、Os8558－3、Os8558－14）在两个籼稻品种H359和Acc8558中检测出多态性,并定位在水稻染色体上（Fig．2）。它们分别检测出了1、1、4、1、2和1个座位,共10个座位,其中9个定位在第11号染色体的3个区域上,即RFLP标记G181和C82之间（由Osh359－2、Osh359－3、Osh359－5和Os8558－3检测的6个座位）,G1465与C50之间（Osh359－3检测出的一个座位）,和C496附近（由Osh359－1和Os8558－14检测出的两个紧密连锁的座位）另有一个由Os8558－3检测出的座位定位到第8号染色体上,位于L457和G1082B之间。这些染色体区域包含近一半的遗传学上已知的抗病基因,如Xa-3、Xa－10、Pi－a和xa－13。这一结果表明RGCs与已知的抗病基因位于相同的染色体区域。此外,RGCs定位的结果表明,它们在水稻基因组中呈簇状分布,表现出     

数量性状基因座的动态定位策略

分子标记辅助数量性状基因（QTL）定位和效应分析技术为深入研究数量性状的遗传基础提供了一个有力手段．但目前的QTL定位策略是静态的,只估计各QTL在某观察时刻的累积效应,无法了解QTL的表达动态．本文提出一种新的QTL定位策略,称为“动态定位”,能够揭示QTI表达的动态过程,并能极大地提高QTL定位的统计功效.     

水稻小穗特征基因FZP的图位克隆

FZP是水稻中控制小穗分化的一个关键基因,先前已将它定位在第7染色体上。通过进一步对该基因进行精细定位和图位克隆,找到2个SSR标记NRM6和NRM8,将该基因锁定在一个遗传距离为1．2cM的范围内(两标记与目标基因的遗传距离分别为0．2cM和1．0cM),相应的物理距离为144kb。发现在预期的目标基因位置,存在一个具有类似AP2结构域的基因。已知AP2是一个控制植物花发育的重要基因。因此,这个基因应是FZP的一个候选基因。PCR扩增结果显示,突变体中该基因有一个大约4kb的插人片段,与向共分离。由此可以初步认为,该基因就是FZP。     

应用混合分布模型研究水稻株高的遗传

用质量－数量性状的混合分布遗传模型对２个水稻矮秆×高秆的Ｆ_２群体（组合１：Ｈ３５９／Ａｃｃ８５１８;组合 ２：Ｈ３５９／Ａｃｃ８５５８）的株高遗传进行了研究．结果表明：１）存在 １对主基因的分离,高秆对矮秆完全显性; ２）这对主基因的效应大小在两个组合中非常相近,说明这对主基因在不同遗传背景中效应稳定,与微基因之间无明显互作,这对于育种应用是有利的;３）两组合中由微基因分离引起的遗传方差大小相近,微基因的平均显性效应皆是减效方向,且数值上也相近,而平均加性效应则皆呈增效方向,但数值上相差很大,说明两组合中发生分离的微基因的数目可能相似,但微基因在双亲间的分布情况却大不相同;４）亲本表型方差（亦即环境方差）与亲本均值呈明显正相关关系,高秆的环境方差要比矮秆大得多,因而在不同主基因型中,微基因的遗传力表现不同,这在育种实践中应引起注意．     

基于性状-标记回归的QTL区间测验方法

本文提出了两种基于性状-标记回归的QTL区间测验方法,分别称为TMRIT-I和TMRIT-II。前者采用似然比统计量进行显著性测验,与基于最小二乘的简化复合区间定位法（sCIM）等价,但计算上明显简单快捷;后者则采用一种“伪似然比”统计量进行显著性测验,不仅进一步简化计算,而且明显提高统计功效。二者皆可通过排列测验估计显著阈值。给出了一个模拟例子。 Abstract：Two methods of interval test of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) based on trait-marker regression are proposed, named as TMRIT-I and TMRIT-II, respectively. The former uses likelihood ratio statistic for significance test, equivalent to the method of simplified composite interval mapping (sCIM) based on least squares, but much simpler and quicker in calculation. The latter uses a ‘pseudo-likelihood ratio’ statistic for significance test, not only simplifying calculation further, but also significantly increasing statistical power. For both methods, significance threshold can be estimated by permutation tests. A simulated example is given.