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研究了一个在田间发现的水稻叶绿素b含量低的突变体叶片的光合功能衰退。和野生型相比,突变体的光合功能在叶片一生中较稳定;超氧阴离子和H2O2含量低,但活性氧清除系统的SOD和CAT酶活性差异不显著。由于突变体叶片中还原态辅酶Ⅱ和氧化态辅酶Ⅱ的比值低于野生型,因而认为其光合电子传递速率和羧化反应消耗电子速率之间比野生型更加平衡,是其光合功能较野生型稳定的原因。  相似文献   
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最近发现了一个在田间条件下自然产生的低叶绿素b高产水稻突变体(Oryza sativa L. cv.Zhenhui 249),该突变体主要降低了外周捕光天线复合体的含量.这种变化主要表现在叶片全展前后,到叶片发育后期则接近野生型.与以往所研究的突变体不同的是,该突变体叶绿素b含量仅适量减少,因而不影响类囊体膜的稳定性.突变体的光合机构在叶片一生中较稳定,这可能表明突变减少了光系统截获的光能,相对提高了光能的利用率,减少了O-2的产生.  相似文献   
3.
The characteristics of dry matter production before and after heading and the relationships between photosynthesis of flag leaves and dry matter accumulation in panicles were investigated on super high-yielding rice cv. Xieyou 9308 (the yield of up to 12 t/ha) with rice cv. Xieyou 63 as a control. The results showed that (i) the capacity of dry matter production before and after heading in Xieyou 9308, i.e. biomass and daily dry matter production, was remarkably higher than that in Xieyou 63, especially after heading; (ii) CO2 assimilation capacity in flag leaves in Xieyou 9308, namely Leaf Source Capacity (LSC), was also significantly higher than that in Xieyou 63, and the supply of photosynthate in leaves and the demand of grain filling were completely synchronous in Xieyou 9308, but photosynthetic function in flag leaves in Xieyou 63 declined sharply 20 days after heading and it was not enough to meet the demand of grain filling. These results confirmed that high efficient photosynthetic function in leaves after heading and its complete synchronization with grain filling are the key approaches to super high yield of rice.  相似文献   
4.
在模式动物中的研究表明,寿限延长与氧化胁迫耐受能力密切有关;在模式植物拟南芥中也发现晚花突变体具有更强的抗氧化胁迫能力,但迄今为止未见有关拟南芥寿限延长突变体的研究报道。本文建立了用氧化剂甲基紫精筛选寿限延长突变体的方法,并对用该方法从经快中子诱变的拟南芥Columbia生态型M_2代群体中筛选获得的突变体SFNA-9-4进行分析,发现该突变体的抗氧化胁迫能力和寿限均显著增加。由此说明,用该方法筛选拟南芥寿限延长突变体是可行的。  相似文献   
5.
叶片衰老是一个复杂的过程.多年来人们对叶片衰老的机制开展了大量的研究。许多研究证明叶片中H2O2的迅速积累与叶片的衰老密切相关^[1-3],然而,H2O2的积累是衰老的结果还是作为信号启动衰老?H2O2作为植物细胞的信号分子,调控一系列重要的生理生化过程,如系统获得抗性(SAR)、细胞衰老与程序化死亡(PCD)、气孔关闭、根的生长、细胞壁的发育等^[4]。H2O2参与脱落酸(A—BA)、甲基茉莉酸(MJ)诱导的水稻叶片衰老,且H2O2产生早于叶片衰老^[2,5]。  相似文献   
6.
The characteristics of dry matter production before and after heading and the relationships between photosynthesis of flag leaves and dry matter accumulation in panicles were investigated on super high-yielding rice cv. Xieyou 9308 (the yield of up to 12 t/ha) with rice cv. Xieyou 63 as a control. The results showed that (i) the capacity of dry matter production before and after heading in Xieyou 9308, i.e. biomass and daily dry matter production, was remarkably higher than that in Xieyou 63, especially after heading; (ii) CO2 assimilation capacity in flag leaves in Xieyou 9308, namely Leaf Source Capacity (LSC), was also significantly higher than that in Xieyou 63, and the supply of photosynthate in leaves and the demand of grain filling were completely synchronous in Xieyou 9308, but photosynthetic function in flag leaves in Xieyou 63 declined sharply 20 days after heading and it was not enough to meet the demand of grain filling. These results confirmed that high efficient photosynthetic function in  相似文献   
7.
两个品种烟草叶片发育过程中几种光合参数变化的比较   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
比较烟草2个品种‘NC89’和‘JYH’叶片发育过程中几个光合参数变化的结果表明,烟草叶片发育过程中光合速率变化表现为上升期、高值持续期(APD)和速降期,叶绿素含量变化经历上升期、相对稳定期(RSP)和速降期。光合功能衰退过程中,核酮糖.1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase)活性比电子传递活性下降快。可逆衰退阶段的2个品种类囊体膜多肽组分和‘NC89’的核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶加氧酶(Rubisco)大亚基基本上无变化;不可逆衰退阶段的2个品种类囊体膜多肽组分、Rubisco大小亚基均快速降解,尤其是光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)复合体和Rubisco小亚基。‘JYH’的叶龄为10-40d的叶中各光合参数与‘NC89’的差别不大,但‘JYH’的光合功能期短,光合功能衰退过程中光合电子传递与碳同化失衡较严重,光合功能衰退比‘NC89’早而迅速。  相似文献   
8.
超高产杂交稻灌浆期光合功能与产量的关系   总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47  
以杂交水稻协优63为对照, 对亩产800 kg以上的超高产杂交水稻组合协优9308抽穗前、后的物质生产特性及剑叶光合作用与穗部物质积累的关系进行研究. 结果表明: (ⅰ) 与协优63相比, 协优9308抽穗前、后的物质生产能力无论生物量还是日干物质生产量, 均极显著高于协优63, 尤以抽穗后更为明显. (ⅱ) 协优9308剑叶的光合碳同化能力(叶源量)极显著高于协优63, 且能够切合籽粒灌浆需求, 在单株水平上其净同化产物基本满足籽粒灌浆的需求, 而协优63抽穗后20 d左右剑叶光合功能快速衰退, 单株净同化产物不能满足籽粒灌浆的需求. 结果证明, 灌浆后期仍能保持高效光合功能、并且能够切合籽粒灌浆需求是实现水稻超高产的关键环节.  相似文献   
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