法国有机农业的发展及启示

本文对法国有机农业发展的趋势和目标以及发展有机农业所采取的措施等进行了分析,结合我国发展有机农业的现状和实际,提出了我国发展有机农业必须进一步转变观念、加强技术研究和示范推广、建立健全质量标准体系和加强政府扶持和资金支持等建议.     

利用基因与环境互作控制家蚕性别

S伴、K05、伴1、S1、D01 5个蚕品种,在胚胎期对高温干燥的催青条件表现敏感性,农 4、新九、限抗对高温干燥催青条件有较高的耐受能力,当用新九的雌与S伴、K05、伴1、S1、D01的雄蛾杂交时,其杂种一代的蚕卵,在高温干燥条件下催青,雌蚕因在胚胎发育过程中对环境条件表现敏感而不能孵化,雄蚕则能正常孵化,因而利用基因与环境的相互作用可以控制家蚕的性别。雌蚕高温干燥条件的敏感性,主要发生在胚胎发育至后期阶段。对S伴等5个温敏性品种的亲缘关系进行RAPD分析,经统计计算,相似率在63.04%~76.47%之间。 Abstract:The silkworm embryo of the varieties,sBan,K05,Ban1,S1 and D05 was sensitive to the high temperature and low humidity incubating condition,while that of Nong4,Xinjiu and Xiankang was more endurable.By crossing the female Xinjiu with the male of sensitive varieties,such as sBaa,K05,Ban1,S1 or D05,their female progenies were sensitive to the high temperature and low humidity during incubation and could not hatch,while the males could hatch normally.Experiment showed that silkworm sex could be controlled by the interaction between gene and environment. The sensitive period was at late stage during the embryo development.The RAPD analysis showed that the similarity index of the five temperature-sensitive varieties of sBan,K05,Ban1,S1 and D05 was 63.04-76.47%.     

采用综合加权聚类方法的农产品安全监测点规划

利用综合加权聚类法进行了农产品安全监测点的规划,从大量的监测对象中挖掘出一定数目的重点监测样点,使较少的监测样点能覆盖尽量多的产品类别、产量及区域.结果表明：应用综合加权聚类方法能有效地进行农产品安全监测点设置,从10172个农产品安全企业样本中聚类选取2.46%的企业进行检测,检测到的产量覆盖率达到44.29%,检测到的产品类别覆盖率达到32.71%,检测到的地区覆盖率达到75%.与常规监测管理方法相比,用综合加权聚类方法检测到的产量、地区和产品类别覆盖率分别提高了10.85%、5.56%和2.80%.     

家蚕胚胎期对高温干燥催青耐受性的遗传分析

本文运用完全双列杂交的方法,估测了家蚕在胚胎期对高温干燥催青条件耐受性的有关遗传参数。家蚕种对高温干燥催青的耐受性,在原种间和杂交组合间有明显差异。耐受性是一种遗传性性状,由遗传基因控制。经估算的广义遗传力大于狭义遗传力。有超显性现象。控制家蚕对高温干燥催青的耐受性的基因数目不少于两个。显性效应大于加性效应。显性效应为非单向性的。显性位点上的基因分布为不对称性。 Abstract:Some genetic parameters about endurance of silkworm to high temperature and low humidity condition during embryo stage were calculated in complete diallel crossing(6×6).There was clear variation in the endurance of both parents and F1 to the incubating condition of high temperature and low humidity.Endurance is a supper-dominant character controlled by genes not less than two.The generalized heritability is greater than narrow heritability .The effects of dominant genes were non-unidirection,with the dominant effect greater than additive effect.The distribution of genes on the location of the dominance is not symmetric.     

国家自然科学基金农学学科项目资助情况分析

对2005—2009年国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部农学学科各类项目的资助情况进行了统计分析,重点探讨了面上项目、重点项目和国家杰出青年科学基金项目资助的分支学科分布及依托单位情况等,以期为项目申请人、同行学者以及管理人员了解情况提供参考。