低温对大鼠骨骼肌能量代谢的影响——Ⅰ.高能磷酸化合物含量的变化

本实验选择对低温比较敏感的骨骼肌组织作为实验对象。将19只大鼠随机分成3组,其右后肢经冷冻处理使组织温度分别达 5℃、0℃及-5℃,于复温后不同时间测定骨骼肌中四种高能磷酸化合物AMP,ADP、ATP及CP的含量。结果表明,大鼠骨骼肌组织中高能磷酸化合物含量随冷冻时组织最低温度的下降而不同程度的减少,并且具有明显的时相过程。复温后即刻至4小时下降迅速,4～12小时三组值较为接近,其后随时间延长而明显分离。 5℃组恢复得早而且明显,0℃组恢复程度次于 5℃组,-5℃组含量下降最明显而且几乎不恢复。提示:低温使骨骼肌组织能量的产生和贮存过程受到影响。     

不同时期根施钾肥对沿黄灌区‘骏枣’光合特性及其产量和品质的影响

在沿黄灌区选择8年生‘骏枣’植株,以不施钾肥作为对照,分别在果树开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期、转色期每株沟施300 g硫酸钾,测定各处理果实品质、产量、叶片光合以及荧光参数的变化,以明确沿黄灌区‘骏枣’的最佳施钾时期,为制定枣树合理施肥措施提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,施用钾肥可促进骏枣的光合作用、改善果实品质,且不同生育期效应不同,并以果实膨大期施用钾肥对提高骏枣果实品质、产量、叶片光合效果最为显著。(2)果实膨大期施用钾肥后,‘骏枣’的果实纵径、横径、果形指数、单果重、单株产量比对照分别显著提高了22.64%、39.33%、13.62%、19.52%和19.58%,果实维生素C(Vc)、可溶性糖和果糖的含量、糖酸比分别比对照显著提高了37.98%、22.82%、31.37%和29.95%,叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)比对照分别显著提高了28.91%、38.44%、36.75%和27.25%,叶片初始荧光(F_o)、最大荧光(F_m)、电子传递速率(ETR)比对照分别显著提高了28.18%、29.15%和37.75%,而胞间CO _2浓度(C_i)和裂果率在果实膨大期达到最低值,比对照分别显著降低了28.34%和35.50%。研究发现,在‘骏枣’果实膨大期株施300 g钾肥,可显著增加植株叶片叶绿素含量、光合作用效率和光能吸收、电子传递效率,提高树体光合能力,显著降低裂果率,有效改善骏枣果实外在和内在品质,显著提高单株产量。     

超临界CO2技术萃取蛋黄磷脂

采用新型物理分离技术──超临界CO₂萃取法,提取天然蛋黄粉中的磷脂.在40MPa,先去除蛋黄粉中甘油三酯和胆固醇,再萃取磷脂.结果显示,磷脂纯度为95%,N/P比值为1.003,λ_max=214nm,薄层层析显示磷脂着色点清晰,并去除了绝大部分甘油三酯和胆固醇.此法操作简单、产品质量高、安全和不污染环境,还可得到天然纯蛋黄油和蛋白.     

Inhibitors of HIV-1 attachment. Part 4: A study of the effect of piperazine substitution patterns on antiviral potency in the context of indole-based derivatives

4-Fluoro- and 4-methoxy-1-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (2 and 3, respectively) have been characterized as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 attachment that interfere with the interaction of viral gp120 with the host cell receptor CD4. As part of an effort to understand fundamental aspects of this pharmacophore, discovered originally using a high throughput cell-based screen, modification and substitution of the piperazine ring was examined in the context of compounds 6a–ah. The piperazine ring was shown to be a critical element of the HIV-1 attachment inhibiting pharmacophore, acting as a scaffold to deploy the indole glyoxamide and benzamide in a topographical relationship that complements the binding site on gp120.     

Genetic Variants in Inflammation-Related Genes Are Associated with Radiation-Induced Toxicity Following Treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is often accompanied by the development of esophagitis and pneumonitis. Identifying patients who might be at increased risk for normal tissue toxicity would help in determination of the optimal radiation dose to avoid these events. We profiled 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 37 inflammation-related genes in 173 NSCLC patients with stage IIIA/IIIB (dry) disease who were treated with definitive radiation or chemoradiation. For esophagitis risk, nine SNPs were associated with a 1.5- to 4-fold increase in risk, including three PTGS2 (COX2) variants: rs20417 (HR:1.93, 95% CI:1.10–3.39), rs5275 (HR:1.58, 95% CI:1.09–2.27), and rs689470 (HR:3.38, 95% CI:1.09–10.49). Significantly increased risk of pneumonitis was observed for patients with genetic variation in the proinflammatory genes IL1A, IL8, TNF, TNFRSF1B, and MIF. In contrast, NOS3:rs1799983 displayed a protective effect with a 45% reduction in pneumonitis risk (HR:0.55, 95% CI:0.31–0.96). Pneumonitis risk was also modulated by polymorphisms in anti-inflammatory genes, including genetic variation in IL13. rs20541 and rs180925 each resulted in increased risk (HR:2.95, 95% CI:1.14–7.63 and HR:3.23, 95% CI:1.03–10.18, respectively). The cumulative effect of these SNPs on risk was dose-dependent, as evidenced by a significantly increased risk of either toxicity with an increasing number of risk genotypes (P<0.001). These results suggest that genetic variations among inflammation pathway genes may modulate the development of radiation-induced toxicity and, ultimately, help in identifying patients who are at an increased likelihood for such events.     

曾候乙墓穴木椁微生物的分离与鉴定

从曾侯乙墓中椁室、东椁室、西椁室和北椁室分别取样,经平板划线培养,分离,纯化共获得典型的菌株16株。将16株分别涂片镜检,生理生化分析鉴定,结果证明芽孢杆菌属11株,其中苏云金变种1株,地衣芽孢杆菌1株,巨大芽孢杆菌1株,球形芽孢杆菌5株,蜡状芽孢杆菌2株,多粘芽孢杆菌1株。其余菌株微杆菌属4株,黄色杆菌属黄杆菌1株。     

曾候乙墓穴木椁微生物降解对木材危害及防治措施研究

从曾候乙墓分离到的16株菌,其中有11株为芽孢杆菌属类,4株微杆菌属,1林为黄色杆菌属。将16株细菌分别侵染6种木材,结果证明细菌降解对6种木材均有不同的韧性下降,个别木材出现腐烂病灶。2号菌降解后对泡桐、枣树、马尾松、香樟、刺槐和桑树分别下降8％,12％,10％,5％,10％和13％。3,5,6,7,8,9和16号菌对上述6种木材也有不同程度影响。而4,11,12,13,14和15号菌对6种木材的韧性下降影响不明显。但其渗透性大大提高了,因此也会影响木材的使用年限。采用杀菌、杀虫的石油气,乙醇等有机溶济,防治微生物降解产物对木材的浸蚀,均有较好的防菌、防认腐效果。     

康宁木霉液体深层发酵生产纤维素酶

以康宁木霉（ Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ　ｋｏｎｉｎｇｉｉ） Ｔ２１５为生产菌,在 ３０ｔ气升式发酵罐中进行了液体深层发酵生产纤维素酶的扩大试验。一、二级罐种子培养基由８％麦麸组成,种龄２４ｈ。产酶培养基由６％稻草粉,１％麦麸和１％蛋白胨组成,起始ｐＨ５．０。每罐装２２ｔ培养基,１０％接种量,通气量０．４ｖｖｍ,罐压０．０８ＭＰａ,２９℃±１℃培养 ９６ｈ。连续试验 ５批,平均发酵液酶活力： ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ活力 ７８．３ＩＵ／ｍＬ,脱脂棉活力 １.３ＩＵ／ｍＬ,水杨苷活力１.４ＩＵ／ｍＬ,滤纸活力     

下调血管生成素样蛋白7表达对血管紧张素Ⅱ介导的血管平滑肌细胞炎症反应的影响

目的探讨RNA干扰血管生成素样蛋白7 （Angptl7）基因对血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）诱导的血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）炎症因子的影响及其作用机制。 方法体外培养人VSMC,分为常规F12K培养基培养（对照）和1 μg/mL AngII培养24 h。VSMC用AngⅡ（1 μg/mL）处理24 h后,采用siRNA-Angptl7和阴性对照siRNA-NC在Lipofectamine 2000介导下转染VSMC。RT-qPCR检测mRNA表达水平;Griess反应测定一氧化氮（NO）含量;蛋白免疫印记法检测相关蛋白的改变;酶联免疫吸附法检测VSMC中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β （IL-1β）和IL-6水平。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验。 结果与对照比较,1 μg/mL AngⅡ处理可促进VSMC中Angptl7 mRNA （0.97±0.06比3.05±0.21）和蛋白表达（1.01±0.12比1.61±0.14）,亦可促进VSMC中IL-1β[（45.21±8.10）比（126.17±11.77） pg/mL]、IL-6[（50.50±7.51）比（108.50±9.51）pg/mL]和TNF-α的表达[（60.77±9.58）比（185.67±17.35）pg/mL],差异有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。与对照和转染siRNA-NC相比,转染siRNA-Angptl7下调Angptl7蛋白表达（0.99±0.12,0.98±0.12比0.44±0.14,P < 0.01）。与AngⅡ干预组相比,siRNA-Angptl7降低AngⅡ介导的VSMC炎症反应相关蛋白TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达,核因子κB （NF-κB）/诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）/环氧化酶2 （COX-2）信号通路相关蛋白NF-κB、iNOS和COX-2表达及NO含量亦降低,差异有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。与siRNA-NC相比,siRNA-Angptl7组AngⅡ诱导的VSMC炎症反应相关蛋白TNF-α （0.99±0.13比0.51±0.12）、IL-6 （1.00±0.12比0.38±0.05）和IL-1β的表达（0.99±0.14比0.48±0.11）,NF-κB （1.00±0.10比0.42±0.08）、iNOS （1.02±0.12比0.42±0.10）和COX-2表达（1.00±0.11比0.52±0.12）均降低,NO含量[（54.78±2.76）比（18.08±3.61）μmol/L]亦降低,差异有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。 结论AngⅡ可通过Angptl7促进VSMC炎症反应,下调Angptl7蛋白表达可以抑制VSMC的炎症反应,其作用机制可能与抑制NF-κB/iNOS-COX-2信号通路有关。     

Inhibitors of HIV-1 attachment. Part 2: An initial survey of indole substitution patterns

The effects of introducing simple halogen, alkyl, and alkoxy substituents to the 4, 5, 6 and 7 positions of 1-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione, an inhibitor of the interaction between HIV gp120 and host cell CD4 receptors, on activity in an HIV entry assay was examined. Small substituents at C-4 generally resulted in increased potency whilst substitution at C-7 was readily tolerated and uniformly produced more potent HIV entry inhibitors. Substituents deployed at C-6 and, particularly, C-5 generally produced a modest to marked weakening of potency compared to the prototype. Small alkyl substituents at N-1 exerted minimal effect on activity whilst increasing the size of the alkyl moiety led to progressively reduced inhibitory properties. These studies establish a basic understanding of the indole element of the HIV attachment inhibitor pharmacophore.