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1.
The Acheulian Technocomplex exhibits two phenomena: variability and conservatism. Variability is expressed in the composition and frequencies of tool types, particularly in the varying frequencies of bifaces (handaxes and cleavers). Conservatism is expressed in the continuous presence of bifaces along an immense time trajectory. The site of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov (GBY) offers a unique opportunity to study aspects of variability and conservatism as a result of its long cultural-stratigraphic sequence containing superimposed lithic assemblages. This study explores aspects of variability and conservatism within the Acheulian lithic assemblages of GBY, with emphasis placed on the bifacial tools. While variability has been studied through a comparison of typological frequencies in a series of assemblages from the site, evidence for conservatism was examined in the production modes expressed by the reduction sequence of the bifaces. We demonstrate that while pronounced typological variability is observed among the GBY assemblages, they were all manufactured by the same technology. The technology, size, and morphology of the bifaces throughout the entire stratigraphic sequence of GBY reflect the strong conservatism of their makers. We conclude that the biface frequency cannot be considered as a chrono/cultural marker that might otherwise allow us to distinguish between different phases within the Acheulian. The variability observed within the assemblages is explained as a result of different activities, tasks, and functions, which were carried out at specific localities along the shores of the paleo-Hula Lake in the early Middle Pleistocene. 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted with segments of corn roots to investigate whether nitrate reductase (NR) is compartmentalized in particular groups of cells that collectively form the root symplastic pathway. A microsurgical technique was used to separate cells of the epidermis, of the cortex, and of the stele. The presence of NR was determined using in vitro and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In roots exposed to 0.2 millimolar NO3− for 20 hours, NR was detected almost exclusively in epidermal cells, even though substantial amounts of NO3− likely were being transported through cortical and steler cells during transit to the vascular system. Although NR was present in all cell groups of roots exposed to 20.0 millimolar NO3−, the majority of the NR still was contained in epidermal cells. The results are consistent with previous observations indicating that limited reduction of endogenous NO3− occurs during uptake and reduction of exogenous NO3−. Several mechanisms are advanced to account for the restricted capacity of cortical and stelar cells to induce NR and reduce NO3−. It is postulated that (a) the biochemical system involved in the induction of NR in the cortex and stele is relatively insensitive to the presence of NO3−, (b) the receptor for the NR induction response and the NR protein are associated with cell plasmalemmae and little NO3− is taken up by cells of the cortex and stele, and/or (c) NO3− is compartmentalized during transport through the symplasm, which limits exposure for induction of NR and NO3− reduction. 相似文献
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O. H. Volk 《Plant Ecology》1984,55(1):57-64
Three associations of the Nanocyperion teneriffae Lebrun 1947 (Sporoboletalia festivi Lebrun 1947) are described. They are physiognomically and ecologically similar to associations of the Mediterranean Isoeto-Nanojuncetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 and Helianthemetalia guttati Br.-Bl. 1940. They are rich in very specialized therophytes and resurrection plants.
Meinem Lehrer H. Walter, Stuttgart gewidmet. 相似文献
7.
We report here on a new 135-kd membrane protein which is specifically associated with intercellular adherens-type junctions. This surface component was identified by a monoclonal antibody, ID-7.2.3, raised against detergent-extracted components of membranes of chicken cardiac muscle rich in intercalated discs. The antibodies stain extensively adherens junctions in intact cardiac muscle and in lens, as well as in cultured cells derived from these tissues. In living cultured cells only very little immunolabelling was obtained with ID-7.2.3 antibodies, probably due to the limited accessibility of the antibodies to the intercellular gap. However, upon the removal of extracellular Ca2+ ions a dissociation of the junction occurred, leading to the rapid exposure of the 135-kd protein. Immunoelectron microscopic labelling of EGTA-treated, or detergent-permeabilized cells indicated that the antigen is found along the plasma membrane and highly enriched in contact areas. Double immunolabelling for both the 135-kd protein and vinculin pointed to the close association of the two in intercellular junctions and to the apparent absence of the former protein from the vinculin-rich focal contacts of cultured cells and from dense plaque of smooth muscle. Immunoblotting indicated that the 135-kd protein is present in many tissues but is particularly enriched in heart, lens and brain. 相似文献
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Differential Inhibition by Ferulic Acid of Nitrate and Ammonium Uptake in Zea mays L 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The influence of the allelopathic compound ferulic acid (FA) on nitrogen uptake from solutions containing both NO3− and NH4+ was examined in 8-day-old nitrogen-depleted corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Concurrent effects on uptake of Cl− and K+ also were assessed. The presence of 250 micromolar FA inhibited the initial (0-1 hours) rate of NO3− uptake and also prevented development of the NO3−-inducible accelerated rate. The pattern of recovery when FA was removed was interpreted as indicating a rapid relief of FA-restricted NO3− uptake activity, followed by a reinitiation of the induction of that activity. No inhibition of NO3− reduction was detected. Ammonium uptake was less sensitive than NO3− uptake to inhibition by FA. An inhibition of Cl− uptake occurred as induction of the NO3− transport system developed in the absence of FA. Alterations of Cl− uptake in the presence of FA were, therefore, a result of a beneficial effect, because NO3− uptake was restricted, and a direct inhibitory effect. The presence of FA increased the initial net K+ loss from the roots during exposure to the low K, ammonium nitrate uptake solution and delayed the recovery to positive net uptake, but it did not alter the general pattern of the response. The implications of the observations are discussed for growth of plants under natural conditions and cultural practices that foster periodic accumulation of allelopathic substances. 相似文献
9.
The formation of the riboflavin precursor, 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, from 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione requires a phosphorylated 4-carbon intermediate which has been designated as Compound X (Neuberger, G., and Bacher, A. (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 127, 175-181). The enzyme catalyzing the formation of Compound X has been purified about 600-fold from the cell extract of the flavinogenic yeast Candida guilliermondii by chromatographic procedures. The purified protein appeared homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and consisted of a single polypeptide of 24 kDa. The committed substrate of the enzyme was identified as D-ribulose 5-phosphate. The enzyme yields two products which were identified as L-3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate and formate by NMR and CD spectroscopy. Mg2+ is required for activity. 相似文献
10.
A method for the quantitative determination of tissue ferritin protein is described. It is based on the electroimmunoassay of Laurell [Laurell, C. B. (1966) Anal. Biochem.15, 45–52] and uses the iron content of ferritin for its identification. It measures as little as 0.1 μg of ferritin protein, requires only a few milligrams of tissue, and is rapidly performed. 相似文献