Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Variation among and within Selected Ixora (Rubiaceae) Populations and Mutants

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used tostudy variation among and within selectedIxora (Rubiaceae) populationsand mutants. Six populations of I. congesta yielded identicalbanding patterns suggesting genetic uniformity of this species.However, six populations of I. coccinea varieties (three red-flowered,two yellow-flowered and one red-flowered wild-type) exhibitedinfraspecific differences in RAPD profiles. Small and largeleaves of an atavistic mutant cultivar of I. coccinea were alsosubjected to RAPD analysis. An extra band was amplified in thelarge leaves that was absent in small leaves, suggesting thatthe phenotypic alteration in this taxon is due to genetic mutationrather than epigenetic changes. Similarly, an extra band wasdetected in the white sectors of I. Variegated compared to thegreen sectors, suggesting that the shoot apical meristems ofthis cultivar exist as a genetic chimera. DNA gel blot hybridizationwas performed to confirm the specificities of selected bands.Our study indicates that differences among individuals of variouspopulations and mutants may be detected using RAPD markers.Copyright 1999 Annals of Botany Company Ixora L., variegated variety, RAPD fingerprinting, DNA gel blot, intraspecific genetic similarity, atavistic mutant.     

北部湾茅尾海无瓣海桑红树林地上生物量反演——基于XGBoost机器学习算法

无瓣海桑是广西从自治区外引进的外来红树林树种,采用定量化算法精确估算无瓣海桑地上生物量对红树林生态修复以及海洋蓝碳监测提供经验和方法。论文以广西茅尾海自然保护区无瓣海桑红树林为研究对象,以野外实测无瓣海桑红树林地上生物量数据和Sentinel-1/2卫星提取的后向散射数据、波段数据、植被指数数据和纹理指数数据为数据源,通过分析各遥感因子与实测红树林地上生物量之间的重要性关系,采用极端梯度提升(XGBoost)机器学习算法对比了不同的变量组合对模型精度的影响,最后基于优选的变量组合反演了无瓣海桑红树林的地上生物量。结果表明：(1)研究区无瓣海桑红树林实测树高范围为1.55—13.58m,平均值为8.37m,胸径范围为0.7—41cm,平均值为15.62cm;(2)通过XGBoost算法优选的21个特征变量组合模型拟合效果较好,其模型在测试阶段R²=0.7237,RMSE=21.70Mg/hm²。XGBoost算法反演研究区无瓣海桑地上生物量介于19.14—138.46Mg/hm²之间,平均值为51.92Mg/hm^...     

沼虾属一新种记述（十足目：长臂虾科）

本文记述采自安徽无为县的沼虾属一新种,安徽沼虾Macrobrachium anhuiense,sp.nov.,新种与九江沼虾M.kiukianensis Yu相近似,但新种:额角上缘除第1—2齿之间距较大外,眼上方之齿排列较密,额角下缘齿之间距小于末齿至尖端的距离;头胸甲光滑,约为体长的1/3;第三颚足短,末端仅伸至触角柄第一节,第二步足较长,掌部无颗位状突起,有分散之微刺。模式标本存安徽师范大学生物系。     

一株猪源化脓隐秘杆菌的鉴定、生物学特性研究与基因组分析

[背景] 化脓隐秘杆菌作为一种条件致病菌,常与蓝耳病病毒、猪圆环病病毒、巴氏杆菌等混合感染猪,引起各种非特异性化脓性感染,部分临床症状与副猪嗜血杆菌相似。本试验从江西某猪场一起因呼吸道症状急性死亡病猪的肺脏分离到一株具有β溶血特性、疑似化脓隐秘杆菌的细菌病原。[目的] 鉴定该病原的菌属种类、生物学特性及基因组特征,为该菌疾病的基础研究与临床防控奠定理论基础。[方法] 采用透射电镜、扫描电镜结合PCR鉴定等方法对菌属种类进行鉴定;通过动物实验、药敏试验,分析菌株的生物学特性;借助全基因组测序、生物信息学等技术发掘该菌的基因组特征。[结果] 形态观察、16S rRNA基因鉴定及系统发育分析证实,该分离菌株是化脓隐秘杆菌,命名为JX18;药敏试验表明,该菌株对克林霉素和林可霉素不敏感,对其余所选药物均敏感;动物实验结果显示,对小鼠腹腔攻毒后,小鼠腹部出现明显脓肿病灶,最高剂量组的小鼠全部死亡;全基因组测序结果表明,该菌株携带plo、nanH、nanP、fimA、fimC、fimE等重要毒力基因,并且与其他化脓隐秘杆菌菌株毒力基因的相似性较高;根据同源基因数据库（Cluster of Orthologous Groups,COG）预测,菌株JX18中参与碳水化合物代谢的基因占比最高;通过毒力基因数据库（virulence factor database,VFDB）、UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot等数据库预测,JX18菌株基因组中携带有多个组氨酸激酶、反应调节因子等与细菌双组分调控系统相关基因,以及多种与粘附、侵入及分泌系统相关的毒力基因。[结论] 在江西省分离鉴定出一株猪源强致病性化脓隐秘杆菌,丰富了猪源化脓隐秘杆菌病原信息,为进一步开展猪源化脓隐秘杆菌相关研究与防控奠定了理论依据。     

东南亚生物多样性热点地区的形成与演化

东南亚地处热带,生物多样性极为丰富,可分为4个热点地区:印度-缅甸区的中南半岛、巽他区(含马来半岛、婆罗洲、苏门答腊岛)、菲律宾区(菲律宾群岛)、华莱士区(苏拉威西岛、爪哇岛、马鲁古群岛、小巽他群岛等)。中南半岛在泥盆纪便已是欧亚大陆的一部分,在印度板块撞击欧亚大陆之后受挤压而出;巽他区来自于冈瓦纳古陆和澳洲古陆;菲律宾群岛部分来自于劳亚古陆的碎片向南漂移,部分来自于太平洋西南岛弧的向北迁移;华莱士区则是劳亚古陆碎片、太平洋西南岛弧以及澳洲古陆北侧碎片的组合。巽他区地处赤道,常年温湿;菲律宾区、华莱士区、中南半岛则都受到不同程度的季风气候决定的干湿季变动。地质历史和季风气候影响程度的不同,奠定了东南亚4个生物多样性热点地区的雏形。华莱士区保存有大量的早期被子植物原始类群如睡莲目(Nymphaeales)和木兰藤目(Austrobaileyales),是现代被子植物起源地和冰期避难所之一。巽他区(婆罗洲)和中南半岛是亚洲热带植物的现代分布中心和"进化前沿",是整个东南亚地区重要的种源;而华莱士区的爪哇岛和小巽他群岛主要是物种迁入和中转的种库。这样的物种形成历史与迁移格局,塑造了东南亚4个...     

A baseline epidemiological study of the co-infection of enteric protozoans with human immunodeficiency virus among men who have sex with men from Northeast China

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and enteric parasite co-infection not only aggravates the clinical symptoms of parasites but also accelerates acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression. However, co-infection research on men who have sex with men (MSM), the predominant high-risk population of HIV/AIDS in China, is still limited. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology of enteric parasites, risk factors, and associations with clinical significance in an MSM HIV/AIDS population in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China.MethodsWe recruited 308 MSMs HIV/AIDS patients and 199 HIV-negative individuals in two designated AIDS hospitals in Heilongjiang between April 2016 and July 2017. Fresh stool samples were collected. DNA extraction, molecular identification, and genotyping of Cryptosporidium species, Entamoeba histolytica, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Blastocystis hominis were performed. Fourteen diarrhea-related pathogens were examined to exclude the influence of other bacterial pathogens on diarrhea incidence.Results31.5% of MSM HIV/AIDS participants were infected with at least one parasite species, a significantly higher proportion than that found in the HIV-negative individuals (2.5%). E. bieneusi presented the highest prevalence, followed by B. hominis, E. histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and C. cayetanensis. Warm seasons were the risk factor for parasitic infections in this population [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.47–4.57]. In addition, these individuals showed a higher proportion (35.8%) of present diarrhea (PD) compared with men who have sex with women (MSW) with HIV/AIDS (16.7%). The infection proportions of both Cryptosporidium spp. and E. histolytica were significantly higher in the PD. E. bieneusi infection was more prevalent in the historic diarrhea (HD) group. CD4⁺ T cell counts in the MSM patients with the above three parasites were significantly lower. New species and genotypes were found, and MSM patients had a wider range of species or genotypes.ConclusionsEnteric parasitic infection was prevalent in the MSM HIV/AIDS population, especially in patients with present diarrhea during warm seasons. E. histolytica and B. hominis should also be considered high-risk parasites for opportunistic infections in AIDS patients in addition to Cryptosporidium spp.     

利用光合菌发酵对玉米秸杆进行转化的研究*

系统研究了光合菌在氨法处理和非氨处理两种环境下,在厌氧、好氧、以及自然条件下对玉米秸秆的转化。通过发酵液中还原糖与蛋白质浓度的测定结果的比较、判断、优选出一种最适合条件下光合菌对玉米转化的途径。研究表明,在以氨化法处理的玉米秸秆为底物与光合菌的发酵实验中,发酵液中的还原糖和蛋白质的尝试都要比非氨法条件下玉米秸秆为底物与光合菌发酵实验中的发酵液中的不原糖和蛋白质的浓度高。实验结果证明了转化产生的还原糖、蛋白质都是光合菌能利用的营养成分,由此达到利用光合菌转化玉米秸秆的研究目的。     

胰酶对皮肤角质细胞分离和传代的影响

考察不同的胰酶浓度及其作用时间对角质细胞分离和传代的影响。实验发现在胰酶浓度 0.25%时作用5min可获得的总活细胞量和有克隆形成能力的细胞量均优于其它培养条件 ;而在胰酶浓度0.05%时作用 5min可获得最大的原代角质细胞贴壁率。随着胰酶浓度的提高 ,传代角质细胞的贴壁率和贴壁速率常数以及克隆形成率均随之增加 ,因此在传代培养时使用 0.25%胰酶浓度进行消化较为适宜.     

假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺研究

对假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺条件进行了一系列研究。选择了合适的培养基成分并进行优化 ,获得了最优的摇瓶培养基配方 (% ,W/V) :豆油 4.0 ,全脂豆粉 4.0 ,K₂HPO₄0.1,KH₂PO₄ 0.1。产酶水平能达到 5000IU/mL。在 30L发酵罐上进行初步放大实验 ,其产酶水平能达到 8100IU/mL。在1m³发酵罐上进行中试放大 ,产酶水平可达到 8000IU/mL。     

胚胎体外共培养：影响因素及作用机理

综述了近年来关于哺乳动物早期胚胎与体细胞共培养的研究进展。重点讨论了早期胚胎与不同类型体细胞共培养,血清、发情周期和体细胞传代次数对胚胎共培养效果的影响,以及胚胎体外共培养的作用机理。体细胞共培养体系可以改善早期胚胎体外培养的条件,促进胚胎发育,提高着床率和妊娠率,在发育生殖研究领域有着广泛的应用前景。然而,对其影响因素和作用机理尚欠系统深入研究,许多问题还亟待解决。