中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅲ.金星蕨科1.毛蕨属

利用扫描电镜对中国产毛蕨属51种植物孢子形态进行了研究。结果表明：该属孢子为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形,由周壁形成表面纹饰。表面纹饰可分为3种类型：(1)周壁具流苏状的翅状纹饰,表面有突起或穿孔,有19种属于此类型;(2)鸡冠状纹饰,有11种属于此类型;(3)刺状纹饰,有10种属于此类型。另外有11种具有上述纹饰的混合纹饰,被认为是中间类型。孢子的形态特征可作为该属的分类学和孢粉学研究的资料。     

日本金龟芽孢杆菌的人工培养

在日本金龟钾芽孢杆菌(Bacillus popilliae Dutky)的人工培养研究中,我们从含有硫胺素的J平板培养基上得到一个菌株——SH-m5株。这个菌株在含有鸡血的JVB培养基上长得更好。在JV液体培养基中,芽孢形成率可达50—60%。用JV培养基制备的菌剂,通过注射和喂食感染试验,对华北大黑鳃金龟,铜绿丽金龟和黄色蔗龟都有一定的致病力。     

Phenotypic evolution in high‐elevation populations of western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Adaptive divergence in response to variable habitats, climates, and altitude is often accentuated along elevation gradients. We investigate phenotypic evolution in body size and coloration in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis Baird & Girard, 1852) across elevation gradients in Yosemite National Park, California, situated in the Sierra Nevada mountains of Western North America. High‐elevation populations occurring above 2100 m a.s.l. are recognized as a separate subspecies (Sceloporus occidentalis taylori Camp, 1916), with a distinctive phenotype characterized by a large body size and extensive blue ventral pigmentation. We sampled S. occidentalis from across elevation gradients in Yosemite National Park, California, and collected phenotypic data (body size and ventral coloration measurements; 410 specimens) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data (complete NADH1 gene; 969 bp, 181 specimens) to infer phylogenetic relationships, and examine the genetic and phenotypic diversity among populations. Populations of S. occidentalis in Yosemite National Park follow Bergmann's rule and exhibit larger body sizes in colder, high‐elevation environments. The high‐elevation subspecies S. o. taylori is not monophyletic, and the mitochondrial DNA genealogy supports a model of convergent phenotypic evolution among high‐elevation populations belonging to different river drainages. The hypothesis that separate populations of S. occidentalis expanded up river drainages after the recession of glaciers is supported by population demographic analyses, and suggest that Bergmann's clines can evolve rapidly along elevation gradients. The distinctive high‐elevation phenotype that is attributable to S. o. taylori has evolved independently several times, and includes adaptive phenotypic changes associated with increases in body size and ventral coloration. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100 , 630–641.     

连续通过粘虫虫体传代对苏云金杆菌晶体形成的影响

史泰奥斯(1956)曾指出,昆虫病原微生物连续通过敏感寄生可以提高病原的毒性,吉川等(1974)将苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis Berl.)的一个菌株通过斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)作传代试验(不是连续传代,中间经过平板分离),发现经过6次传代后细菌在虫尸内增殖良好。在我国,一般也认为通过虫体传代可以恢复或提高毒力,即所谓“虫体复壮”(盛祖嘉,1974)。我们试图用这个方法来得到对粘虫(Leucania separata Wal.)毒力强的菌株。但发现所有试验的6个菌株,在     

一株从高粱蚜分离的镰刀菌的鉴定

一株被误认为是蚜霉(Entomophthora aphidisHoffm)的菌株经鉴定是串珠镰刀菌(Fusariummoniliforme Sheldon)。 “昆虫学报”Vol.9 No 1 刊出“蚜霉菌剂的简易制备及其田间防治棉蚜实验初报”一文,目前该菌已在全国各地推广应用,井已收到防治棉蚜的初步效果。我们对此菌株的分类地位提出异议,经原作者的支持进行了重新鉴定。本文仅记载该菌的形态和培养特性以及学名的鉴定。     

Spore morphology of pteridophytes from China Ⅲ. Thelypteridaceae 1. Cyclosorus Link.

Spore morphology of 51 species of Cyclosorus in the Thelypteridaceae from China was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The spores are monolete, bilaterosymmetric, ellipsoidal in polar view, and kidney-shaped in equatorial view. On the basis of the variation in their surface ornamentation, the spores fall into three main types. Type I: The surface of spores is echinate or perforate with fimbriate wings. 19 species belong to this type. Type Ⅱ: The surface of spores is cristate. 11 species belong to this type. Type Ⅲ: The surface of spores is echinulate. 10 species belong to this type. The remaining 11 species have spores with mixed surface ornamentation of the above three types, which are considered as intermediate types. The results are valuable for a better understanding of the taxonomy and palynology of the genus Cyclosorus.