血清sST2在心力衰竭诊断、预后中的应用价值

心力衰竭(心衰)的发病率正随着人口老龄化的加速而显著上升,目前仍然是一个重大的公共健康问题。尽管近年来在心衰治疗方面取得了显著成效,但患者的生存率依旧很低,预后差,确诊心衰后5年内死亡率高达50%。如果能够对心衰进行快速有效的诊断并按危险程度进行合理分层,将为临床医生制定治疗方案提供重要的参考依据。生物标志物在心衰的诊断、疗效评估及预后判断方面都具有重要的意义。心力衰竭是一种复杂的疾病,涉及多种生理病理过程。心力衰竭时,神经内分泌系统被激活,同时伴随着血容量和心室壁压力增加,心室肌细胞分泌NT-proBNP/BNP,因此,其可作为心衰诊断和预后生物标志物。然而血浆中NT-proBNP/BNP易受到年龄、性别、体型、左室肥大、心动过速、右心室过载、低氧血症、肾脏功能等诸多因素影响。sST2作为一种新型心力衰竭标志物,近年来备受关注,它不仅能够反映心肌纤维化程度并预测是否发生心室重构,且不受年龄、性别、肾功能等因素的影响,同时具有更低的参考变化值和个体指数,更适合用于连续监测和指导治疗,是评价心力衰竭的理想指标之一。文中对近年来sST2在心衰诊断和预后方面的研究进展进行总结归纳,并对其发展趋势进行展望。     

不同生境草鱼肠道微生物组成和群落特征分析

【目的】分析不同生境来源的草鱼前肠、中肠和后肠的微生物组成和群落特征。【方法】利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术比较河流、湖泊、高密度池塘养殖与水库低密度养殖4种不同生境来源的草鱼其前、中、后肠的微生物组成和群落特征。【结果】Venn图、稀释性曲线和Alpha指数分析结果显示,前肠微生物群落多样性以养殖生境草鱼更高,而后肠微生物群落多样性以自然生境草鱼更高。不同生境草鱼前肠微生物组成和群落特征差异较大,自然生境的草鱼前肠微生物优势菌群都是不动杆菌属和贪铜菌属;高密度池塘养殖生境优势菌群是鲸杆菌属、希瓦氏菌属;低密度水库养殖生境的草鱼前肠优势菌群是链球菌属、消化链球菌属等。【结论】不同生境的环境因子不同,养殖方式不同,饵料不同,导致草鱼前肠微生物组成和群落特征的差异较大,该结果可为草鱼肠道微生物的研究提供基础数据。高密度养殖生境的草鱼存在潜在的感染风险,建议优化养殖模式以减少有害菌的产生。     

Association between interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms and endometriosis: A meta-analysis

To investigate the influence of the interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms on the susceptibility of endometriosis, we examined the association by performing a meta-analysis. The PubMed, Embase, HuGE Navigator and CNKI were searched to identify eligible studies. We then conducted a meta-analysis to examine the association between interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms and endometriosis. Eight case–control studies which examined the association between the IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms and the susceptibility to endometriosis were finally included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of the IL-10 − 592 A/C polymorphisms showed a significant increased risk of endometriosis in the overall and Asian population in all genetic models and allele contrast. However, meta-analysis of the IL-10 − 1082 A/G and IL-10 − 819 T/C polymorphisms showed no association with endometriosis in all genetic models and allele contrast in the overall and Asian population samples. In addition, there was not a significant association between the IL-10 − 592 A/C gene promoter polymorphisms with the severity of endometriosis.     

Resequencing core accessions of a pedigree identifies derivation of genomic segments and key agronomic trait loci during cotton improvement

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the world's largest source of natural fibre and dominates the global textile industry. Hybrid cotton varieties exhibit strong heterosis that confers high fibre yields, yet the genome‐wide effects of artificial selection that have influenced Upland cotton during its breeding history are poorly understood. Here, we resequenced Upland cotton genomes and constructed a variation map of an intact breeding pedigree comprising seven elite and 19 backbone parents. Compared to wild accessions, the 26 pedigree accessions underwent strong artificial selection during domestication that has resulted in reduced genetic diversity but stronger linkage disequilibrium and higher extents of selective sweeps. In contrast to the backbone parents, the elite parents have acquired significantly improved agronomic traits, with an especially pronounced increase in the lint percentage. Notably, identify by descent (IBD) tracking revealed that the elite parents inherited abundant beneficial trait segments and loci from the backbone parents and our combined analyses led to the identification of a core genomic segment which was inherited in the elite lines from the parents Zhong 7263 and Ejing 1 and that was strongly associated with lint percentage. Additionally, SNP correlation analysis of this core segment showed that a non‐synonymous SNP (A‐to‐G) site in a gene encoding the cell wall‐associated receptor‐like kinase 3 (GhWAKL3) protein was highly correlated with increased lint percentage. Our results substantially increase the valuable genomics resources available for future genetic and functional genomics studies of cotton and reveal insights that will facilitate yield increases in the molecular breeding of cotton.     

The Pseudomonas syringae type III effector AvrRpt2 functions downstream or independently of SA to promote virulence on Arabidopsis thaliana

AvrRpt2, a Pseudomonas syringae type III effector protein, functions from inside plant cells to promote the virulence of P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000) on Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking a functional copy of the corresponding RPS2 resistance gene. In this study, we extended our understanding of AvrRpt2 virulence activity by exploring the hypothesis that AvrRpt2 promotes PstDC3000 virulence by suppressing plant defenses. When delivered by PstDC3000, AvrRpt2 suppresses pathogen-related (PR) gene expression during infection, suggesting that AvrRpt2 suppresses defenses mediated by salicylic acid (SA). However, AvrRpt2 promotes PstDC3000 growth on transgenic plants expressing the SA-degrading enzyme NahG, indicating that AvrRpt2 does not promote bacterial virulence by modulating SA levels during infection. AvrRpt2 general virulence activity does not depend on the RPM1 resistance gene, as mutations in RPM1 had no effect on AvrRpt2-induced phenotypes. Transgenic plants expressing AvrRpt2 displayed enhanced susceptibility to PstDC3000 strains defective in type III secretion, indicating that enhanced susceptibility of these plants is not because of suppression of defense responses elicited by other type III effectors. Additionally, avrRpt2 transgenic plants did not exhibit increased susceptibility to Peronospora parasitica and Erysiphe cichoracearum, suggesting that AvrRpt2 virulence activity is specific to P. syringae.     

两种激活处理促进小鼠孤雌胚胎原核形成

不同人工处理方法激活哺乳动物卵母细胞的机理相似,但其激活效率存在差异。本研究以昆明(KM)、129/Sv×KM F1和C3H×KM F1雌鼠来源的卵母细胞为对象,利用氯化锶(SrCl2,Sr2+)联合细胞松弛素B(cytochalasin B,CB)(Sr2++CB)和离子霉素(ionomycin,Ion)联合6-二甲胺基嘌呤(6-dimethylaminopurine,6-DMAP)(Ion+6-DMAP)两种激活方法处理下对比分析不同品系小鼠卵母细胞的激活效率,并以卵母细胞原核形成率、原核数量和孤雌胚胎体外发育来评价两种激活剂的激活效率。研究结果表明,Ion+6-DMAP激活卵的1原核比率显著高于2原核(p0.05),Sr2++CB激活卵的2原核比率显著高于1原核(p0.05);KM、129/Sv×KM F1和C3H×KM F1各组孤雌胚胎卵裂率和激活率没有显著差异(P0.05),但129/Sv×KM F1和C3H×KM F1囊胚发育率显著高于KM组(p0.05)。3种小鼠品系的卵母细胞用Sr2++CB处理的孤雌胚胎发育率显著高于Ion+6-DMAP。结果证明,Sr2++CB处理小鼠卵母细胞的激活效率明显优于Ion+6-DMAP;129/Sv×KM F1和C3H×KM F1的孤雌胚胎体外发育率显著高于KM小鼠,为研究小鼠遗传背景影响孤雌胚胎发育的机理提供参考。     

人神经元素3基因重组逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及其包装细胞株的建立

为构建表达人神经元素3基因(neurogenin 3,ngn3)的重组逆转录病毒载体,建立稳定表达ngn3的包装细胞株,本研究以流产人胎儿胰腺组织为材料,通过RT-PCR方法克隆出人ngn3基因,将其连接到pMD18-T载体上并测序,结果表明,测序得到的基因序列与发表的人ngn3基因序列(GenBank Accession No.BC126468)完全一致。将EcoRI和HpaI双酶切后的基因片段构建到pMSCV-neo逆转录病毒载体中,酶切鉴定结果表明,pMSCV-ngn3重组逆转录病毒载体构建成功。脂质体法将pMSCV-ngn3重组载体导入PT67包装细胞,G418筛选后,对得到的细胞株进行RT-PCR和免疫组化检测,结果显示,该细胞株在mRNA水平和蛋白水平均稳定表达Ngn3;收集该细胞株的培养上清液,进行RT-PCR检测及电镜观察,结果表明,该细胞株将导入的重组逆转录病毒载体pMSCV-ngn3包装成了具有感染性的病毒颗粒,并将其释放到了培养上清液中。以上结果表明PT67-ngn3包装细胞株建立成功。该细胞株的成功建立,为下一步将ngn3基因应用于提高人胎儿胰腺祖细胞诱导分化效率方面的研究奠定了基础。     

自然杀伤细胞在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用

自然杀伤(NK)细胞是人体先天免疫的核心组成部分,是肿瘤细胞免疫治疗和抗体免疫治疗的基础.NK细胞通过直接杀伤作用和释放细胞因子来共同控制肿瘤的生长和转移.目前,已开发出多种利用激活的NK细胞治疗肿瘤的方案.然而,癌症患者的NK细胞功能受损,抗癌能力下降,均限制了NK 细胞的临床疗效 .新的方案通过提高NK细胞的数量和杀伤功能来改善治疗效果. 利用体外长期激活、大规模培养临床使用的NK细胞是达成上述效果的最佳方法之一. 本综述讨论了NK细胞研究背景,NK细胞治疗的现状,尤其是体外培养扩增具有较强功能NK细胞的新方案.     

Expression of silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 and its role in human intervertebral disc cell homeostasis

Introduction  

Intervertebral disc tissue homeostasis is modulated by a variety of molecules. Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) plays a key role in various physiological processes. The aim of the present study was to verify the expression of SIRT1 and determine SIRT1 function in human intervertebral disc cell homeostasis.