Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rhodobacter Sphaeroides

The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach. In this study, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from AgNO₃ by reduction of aqueous Ag⁺ ions with the cell filtrate of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Nanoparticles were characterized by means of UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Crystalline nature of the nanoparticles in the fcc structure are confirmed by the peaks in the XRD pattern corresponding to (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes, bright circular spots in the selected are a electron diffraction (SAED) and clear lattice fringes in the high-resolution TEM image. Also, the size of silver nanoparticles was controlled by the specific activity of nitrate reductase in the cell filtrate.     

西藏八角莲的化学成分研究

八角莲属植物为我国所特有 ,约 1 2种 1变种 [1,2 ] ,西藏八角莲 (Dysosma tsayuensis Ying)仅产于西藏东南部 ,海拔 2 5 0 0～ 3 5 0 0 m的高山松林下或云杉林下 ,为藏药奥毛塞 (音译 )代用品 ,其根与根茎有活血、止血、解毒、消肿功效 ;用于治疗腰腿疼痛、咳喘、心胃痛、跌打损伤。其化学成分研究未见报道。1　实验部分1 .1　实验仪器与材料熔点用 X- 4型显微熔点仪测定 (温度计未校正 )。红外光谱用 Perkin- Elmer983型红外光谱仪测定 ,KBr压片。紫外光谱用 Shimadze UV- 3 0 0 0紫外可见分光光度计测定 ,核磁共振谱用 Bruker ARX-…     

池杉叶的二萜成分研究(Ⅰ)

杉科落羽杉属植物池杉 ( Taxodium ascendens Brongn.)原产于美国东南部 ,耐水湿 ,主要分布于沼泽地区及水湿地。我国江苏南京、南通和浙江杭州、河南鸡公山、湖北武汉等地有栽培 ,生长良好 ,作为低湿地的造林树种或用于庭院绿化 [1 ] 。迄今为止有关其化学成分的研究未见报道。在对杉科植物特征化学成分及其活性的系统研究中 ,我们从池杉叶的乙醇提取物中初步分离得到 3个二萜类化合物 ,通过理化性质及波谱分析 ,分别鉴定为1 8-oxoferruginol( 1 ) ,右松脂酸 ( 2 ) ,trans-communic acid( 3 )。化合物 1的质谱显示其分子离子峰为 3 0 0 ,1…     

The effects of hoarding habitat selection of Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) on natural regeneration of the Korean pines

Cone-cores discarded by Eurasian red squirrels were used to study the habitat selection of Korean pine-seeds hoarding, in forest patch Nos. 16 and 19 in Liangshui Nature Reserve, China. Ten transects with a total length of 15 km were uniformly set, and data from 343 valid samples were collected in a 369 hm² area. One hundred and eighty four were hoarding samples which were determined according to the cluster analysis based on the number of the cone-cores, while the other 159 were control samples. The principal component analysis, using 11 habitat factors, suggested that the distance from Korean pine forest, forest type, number of Korean pine seedlings, density and type of bush significantly influenced the habitat selection of hoarding by Eurasian red squirrels. The results of Bailey’s method indicated that the squirrels showed (1) preference for natural coniferous forest, natural fir and spruce forest and planted spruce forest; (2) avoidance of planted Korean pine forest and planted larch forest; and (3) random use of natural Korean pine forest. Moreover the distance from the Korean pines in the range of 150–600 m showed no effect on the habitat selection of hoarding by the Eurasian red squirrels. More than 50% of the cone-cores were discarded in either fringe or gap of the Korean pine forest with more cone-cores found at <300 m than at 300 m away (One-Way ANOVA; df = 3, 183, F = 5.76, p = 0.0009). This demonstrated that the Eurasian red squirrels could take the cone-cores out of the Korean pine forest. The density of bushes in samples of hoarding area was significantly lower than that in control samples (Kruskal–Wallis test; df = 1, χ² = 83.99, p < 0.0001). The number of the Korean pine seedlings in samples of hoarding area was significantly higher than that in the control samples (Kruskal–Wallis test; df = 1, χ² = 104.13, p < 0.0001). This illustrated that the hoarding habitat favoured the germination of the Korean pine seedlings. In conclusion the behavior of hoarding Korean pine seeds by the Eurasian red squirrels can promote the regeneration and dispersal of the Korean pines.