红原鸡与家鸡的亲缘关系研究

对中国红原鸡滇地亚种和海南亚种与我国茶花鸡,泰和鸡和寿光鸡等地方鸡种以及芦花鸡,洛岛红等外国鸡种进行了血型（３个位点,１３个等位基因）,蛋白质（酶）多态（５个位点,１１个等位基因）和ＤＮＡ指纹分析,结果表明,红原鸡与茶花鸡（原始型品种）的亲缘关系较近;与泰和鸡,寿光鸡,芦花鸡,洛岛红（进化型品种）的亲缘关系较远,呈红原鸡－茶花鸡－泰和鸡,寿光鸡或芦花鸡,洛岛红这样一个进化阶梯,以上结果与国外资料（     

DNA导入和系选大豆品种及其亲本遗传关系的SSR标记分析

利用现有品种的变异进行系选并培育新品种是一种重要的育种方法。利用SSR标记, 对系选大豆（Glycine max）新品种和其亲本的遗传组成进行分析, 明确二者的遗传关系, 为大豆系选育种提供依据。使用48对SSR引物对22个大豆品种及其亲本进行分析, 结果表明, 由外源DNA导入育成的3个品种与其亲本的一致性为35.42%–95.83%, 虽然供体相同, 但由于导入的外源DNA不同, 故育成的品种间差异很大。另外19个系选品种与其亲本的一致性为27.08%–89.58%, 其中有6个品种与亲本间的差异小于30%。聚类分析发现, 所有参试品种分为东北春大豆及黄淮和南方大豆2类, 其中有8个品种不能与其亲本聚在一起, 说明系选品种并不完全是由于亲本通过突变获得。此外, 农艺性状与分子标记分析结果差异较大, 说明利用有限的农艺性状评价品种间的遗传关系存在一定的局限性。通过比较系选品种和亲本之间的保守位点发现, 特定等位变异出现次数≥7的位点有14个, 分布在11个连锁群, 其中有7个位点与产量和抗病性等重要农艺性状有关, 说明DNA导入和系选品种在选择变异性状的同时, 使一些与重要农艺性状有关的等位变异得到了保留。     

东北春大豆样本的代表性及其SSR位点的遗传多样性分析

从3226份东北春大豆总体中选择283份春大豆种质,用质量性状和数量性状进行检测,对总体的代表性为80%.利用筛选出61对SSR核心引物对具代表性的东北春大豆样本进行分析,共检测到534个等位变异,平均每个位点的等位变异为8.75个,变幅为2～16个;遗传多样性指数变化范围在0.406～0.886,平均为0.704;东北春大豆样本在大多数位点上有优势等位变异,从而降低了其遗传多样性.其中35份种质具有特异等位变异,分布在29个位点上;各个位点上分化系数均较小,遗传多样性分化程度较低.东北春大豆中3个省种质的共有等位变异较多,以吉林省和辽宁省种质的遗传多样性表现较为一致,均高于黑龙江省种质的遗传多样性.地方品种的遗传多样性高于育成品种.东北春大豆种质资源的遗传多样性分布特点为有目的选择杂交亲本拓宽遗传基础以培育新品种提供了理论依据.     

NaCl对4种荒漠豆科植物幼苗生理参数的影响

以塔中沙漠植物园引种成功的4种豆科植物紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)、白柠条(Caragana korshinskii)和骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)的幼苗为实验材料, 研究不同NaCl浓度处理30天其叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量及叶片水势的变化特征。结果表明: 在不同浓度NaCl处理下, 骆驼刺和白柠条幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量及叶片水势的变化程度均低于紫穗槐和花棒; NaCl处理后骆驼刺和白柠条均具有较稳定的光合生理特征, 紫穗槐和花棒的稳定性则相对较差; 在NaCl处理时, 植物叶片水势的变化规律与叶绿素荧光参数具有一定的相关性, 它们可以反映幼苗对NaCl处理的不同响应。     

Development and utilization of a new chemically‐induced soybean library with a high mutation density

Mutagenized populations have provided important materials for introducing variation and identifying gene function in plants. In this study, an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)‐induced soybean (Glycine max) population, consisting of 21,600 independent M₂ lines, was developed. Over 1,000 M_{4 (5)} families, with diverse abnormal phenotypes for seed composition, seed shape, plant morphology and maturity that are stably expressed across different environments and generations were identified. Phenotypic analysis of the population led to the identification of a yellow pigmentation mutant, gyl, that displayed significantly decreased chlorophyll (Chl) content and abnormal chloroplast development. Sequence analysis showed that gyl is allelic to MinnGold, where a different single nucleotide polymorphism variation in the Mg‐chelatase subunit gene (ChlI1a) results in golden yellow leaves. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker was developed and may be applied to marker‐assisted selection for the golden yellow phenotype in soybean breeding. We show that the newly developed soybean EMS mutant population has potential for functional genomics research and genetic improvement in soybean.     

DNA导入和系选大豆品种及其亲本遗传关系的SSR标记分析

利用现有品种的变异进行系选并培育新品种是一种重要的育种方法。利用SSR标记, 对系选大豆(Glycine max)新品种和其亲本的遗传组成进行分析, 明确二者的遗传关系, 为大豆系选育种提供依据。使用48对SSR引物对22个大豆品种及其亲本进行分析, 结果表明, 由外源DNA导入育成的3个品种与其亲本的一致性为35.42%–95.83%, 虽然供体相同, 但由于导入的外源DNA不同, 故育成的品种间差异很大。另外19个系选品种与其亲本的一致性为27.08%–89.58%, 其中有6个品种与亲本间的差异小于30%。聚类分析发现, 所有参试品种分为东北春大豆及黄淮和南方大豆2类, 其中有8个品种不能与其亲本聚在一起, 说明系选品种并不完全是由于亲本通过突变获得。此外, 农艺性状与分子标记分析结果差异较大, 说明利用有限的农艺性状评价品种间的遗传关系存在一定的局限性。通过比较系选品种和亲本之间的保守位点发现, 特定等位变异出现次数≥7的位点有14个, 分布在11个连锁群, 其中有7个位点与产量和抗病性等重要农艺性状有关, 说明DNA导入和系选品种在选择变异性状的同时, 使一些与重要农艺性状有关的等位变异得到了保留。     

Genome-Wide Association Studies of Soybean Seed Hardness in the Chinese Mini Core Collection

Soybean seed hardness is an important quality character in soybean food processing. Both vegetable soybean and natto require soft seeds to achieve a desirable sensory experience and for effective processing. In this study, we used a texture analyzer to measure the seed hardness of Chinese mini core collection via two indexes over 4 years and found significant correlations among the seed hardness, seed oil content, and germplasm eco-region. Based on 1514 SNPs, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using a mixed linear model (MLM). Seventeen SNPs were identified to be associated with seed hardness in at least two environments. Among them, one locus, designated Q-15-0087770, was associated with two indexes, and 13 putative genes were confirmed based on their annotations in SoyBase. This research provides new insights into advanced marker-assisted selections for breeding soybeans for seed hardness and oil content.     

Risk assessments of heavy metals in house dust from a typical industrial area in Central China

Heavy-metal pollution in house dust is of great potential hazard to human health, as people spend more than half of their time at home. To investigate heavy-metal pollution in a heavily air-polluted area of the Xi'an western industrial area, house dust was collected from relatively large residential quarters and <63 μm fraction of dust was measured for heavy metals. The results show that concentrations of Cr, Mn, Co, and V in the house dust are close to that in the local natural soil, whereas that of Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb are often significantly elevated—mainly caused by intensively industrial activities in this area. Total ecological risks of these eight metals are moderate to considerable in most (69%) dust samples, while they are considerable to high in the others, occurring at the southwest of the study area. Health risk assessments reveal that exposure of these eight metals in the house dust has no risks to adults but has significant non-cancer risks to children, predominantly caused by dust ingestion. The results of this study are helpful for environmental management in industrial areas.     

大豆品种中黄55不同复叶的小叶组成及其分布特点

本研究对大豆品种中黄55的复叶类型及不同种植地点各种复叶类型分布及其着生节位进行了研究,旨在探明多小叶的变化规律。根据组成复叶中小叶的数目,可分为7类,按照侧生和顶生叶片的数量进一步分为13种叶型,其中,4类共5种叶型尚未见报道。中黄55的复叶以三出复叶为主,其它复叶的小叶数以“4叶D1型”比率较高,随着纬度的降低,复叶类型数减少;北京顺义、湖北武汉和海南三亚3个地点间各小叶型比率方差分析表明,大部分小叶型比率3点间差异显著,表明复叶小叶型及其比率受环境的影响;主茎上从低节位至高节位,普通三出复种的比率先是降低,然后再升高,而不同节位分枝的普通三出复叶的比率变化不大。通过本研究可拓宽对大豆复叶小叶型的认识。