Radiative Peristaltic Flow of Jeffrey Nanofluid with Slip Conditions and Joule Heating

Mixed convection peristaltic flow of Jeffrey nanofluid in a channel with compliant walls is addressed here. The present investigation includes the viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and Joule heating. Whole analysis is performed for velocity, thermal and concentration slip conditions. Related problems through long wavelength and low Reynolds number are examined for stream function, temperature and concentration. Impacts of thermal radiation, Hartman number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis, Joule heating and slip parameters are explored in detail. Clearly temperature is a decreasing function of Hartman number and radiation parameter.     

Effects of P-fertilization and inoculation by two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nodulation ofCalopogonium caeruleum

The growth response ofCalopogonium caeruleum, a leguminous covercrop in plantation agriculture, to inoculation with two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi was investigated in five phosphorus (P)-deficient soils supplied with various levels of rock phosphate. Significant shoot yield increases over the uninoculated controls were obtained in most sterilised or unsterilised soils at all applied P levels, although the inoculant VAM fungi differed in their effectiveness in the soils used. Responses in mycorrhizal root infections, P and nitrogen (N) concentrations in tops and plant nodulation varied. The results are discussed in relation to the edaphic environment of the mycorrhizal association.     

Continuous production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using immobilized β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans

Summary -Galactosidase-2 (-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) from Bacillus circulans was purified using hydroxyapatite gel chromatography and immobilized onto Duolite ES-762 (phenolformaldehyde resin) and Merckogel (controlled pore silica gel) for continuous production of galacto-oligosaccharides using lactose as the substrate. The maximum amount of ologosaccharides produced by the immobilized enzyme was 35–40% of the total sugar during hydrolysis of 4.56% lactose. Partially purified -galactosidase from B. circulans was also immobilized onto various supports for the same purpose. The stability of the immobilized -galactosidase-2 or partially purified enzyme during a continuous reaction depended on their supports and specific activity. Of the supports tested, Merckogel was best for operational stability. With this support, the enzyme was quite stable with specific activity up to 15 units/g of wet gel; it was reversibly inactivated with more.     

The species ofEretmocerus Haldeman, 1850 [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae] from India

An account of the Indian species of the genusEretmocerus Haldeman is given. Three new species (E. indicus sp. n.,E. mashhoodi sp. n.,E. gunturiensis sp. n.) are described. Three species (E. haldemani Howard,E. mundus Mercet,E. corni Haldeman) are reported for the first time from India. A revised key to the known species of the genus is also given.

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Résumé Une révision des espèces indiennes du genreEretmocerus Haldeman est donnée. Trois nouvelles espèces (E. indicus, E. mashhoodi, E. gunturiensis) sont décrites, trois autres espèces (E. haldemani Howard,E. mundus Mercet,E. corni Haldeman) sont signalées pour la première fois de l’Inde. Une clé révisée des espèces connues de ce genre est proposée.

     

Bone Marrow Graft in Man after Conditioning by Antilymphocytic Serum

Allogeneic bone marrow grafts carried out after previous administration of antilymphocytic serum alone were attempted in 16 patients. Of these, six had acute myeloblastic leukaemia, four acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and one a blast cell crisis in polycythaemia vera. Ten of these patients were in an overt phase of the disease and resistant to chemotherapy, while nine had complete agranulocytosis. In five of these patients erythrocyte and leucocyte antigenic markers demonstrated the establishment of the graft. One patient had thalassaemia major, and four others had aplasia of the bone marrow, in one case due to chloramphenicol poisoning and in another to virus hepatitis. The grafts were successful in the last two patients and transformed their clinical condition.No signs of early acute secondary disease were noted in any of the patients, either when the donor had been given antilymphocytic serum or when he was untreated. The grafts had no adoptive immunotherapeutic effect on the acute leukaemia. These observations have clearly shown that antilymphocytic serum has an immunosuppressive effect in man when it is used alone.     

Exploring the Therapeutic Properties of Alga-Based Silver Nanoparticles: Anticancer,Antibacterial, and Free Radical Scavenging Capabilities

The current study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized by Spirulina platensis extract. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs were determined via DPPH radical scavenging assay while its anticancer activity was determined using the MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs were analyzed by disc diffusion method. Spirulina platensis acts as a reducing and capping agent. The efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, specifically Acetobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was assessed by the utilisation of the diffusion method. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The findings of the study revealed that when administered in doses of 50 μl, 75 μl, and 100 μl, the largest observed zone of inhibition corresponded to measurements of 10.5 mm, 14 mm, and 16 mm, respectively. A zone of inhibition with dimensions of 8 mm, 10.5 mm, and 12 mm was detected during testing against Acetobacter at concentrations of 50 μl, 75 μl, and 100 μl, respectively. The findings also indicate that there is a positive correlation between the concentration of AgNP and the DPPH scavenging ability of silver nanoparticles. The percentage of inhibition observed at concentrations of 500 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, 300 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml were recorded as 80±1.98, 61±1.98, 52±1.5, 42±1.99, and 36±1.97, respectively. In addition, it was observed that the silver nanoparticles exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity at a concentration of 500 g/ml, with a measured value of 80.89±1.99. The IC-50 values, representing the inhibitory concentration required to achieve 50 % inhibition, were found to be 8.16, 19.15, 30.14, 41.13, and 63.11 at inhibition levels of 36±1.97, 42±1.99, 52±1.5, 61±1.98, and 80±1.98, respectively.     

Facile reduction of peptide oxime endothelin antagonist during trialkylsilane/TFA cleavage after solid-phase synthesis

Summary We describe a new solid-phase strategy for the selective reduction of the C=N bond in peptide oximes using a trialkylsilane in trifluoroacetic acid. The reduction is performed directly on the resin-bound peptide, with concomitant cleavage of the peptide from the resin and deblocking of protected side chains.     

Transfer, expression, and inheritance of salmonid growth hormone genes in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and effects on performance traits.

We examined expression and inheritance of salmonid growth hormone genes RSVLTR-rtGH1 cDNA and RSVLTR-csGH cDNA, transferred to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) by microinjection. One to 9 copies of the foreign DNA were inserted in either head-to-tail tandem array at single insertion sites or single copies at multiple insertion sites. All P1 transgenic catfish evaluated produced salmonid growth hormone regardless of the construct. Five P1 x P1 matings were accomplished. The spawning rate and fertility of these P1 transgenics in artificial spawning conditions were comparable to those of normal channel catfish. In two of three years, 100% spawning and 100% hatch were obtained. Percent transgenic progeny observed in the five matings were 20, 52, 7, 47, and 0%, which was lower (P < 0.001, chi 2) than the 75% inheritance expected assuming the P1 brood stock had at least one copy of the foreign gene integrated and were not mosaics in the germ line. At least 7 of 10 P1 were mosaics, and a minimum of 2 of 10 P1 did not possess the salmonid growth hormone genes in their germ line. P1 transgenics grew at the same rate as their nontransgenic full siblings, which is not surprising because the P1 were mosaics. F1 transgenic progeny in two families possessing RSVLTR-csGH cDNA grew 26% faster, to 40 to 50 gm, than their nontransgenic full siblings when evaluated communally. One F1 progeny group produced by RSVLTR-rtGH1 cDNA x RSVLTR-csGH cDNA mating and one F1 progeny group (parents either RSVLTR-rtGH1 cDNA or RSVLTR-csGH cDNA) grew at the same rate as normal full siblings when grown communally to 25 gm and 60 mg, respectively. In families where F1 progeny grew faster than controls, the range in body weight and coefficient of variation for the transgenic full siblings were less than those for controls. In families where F1 progeny grew at the same rate as controls, range in body weight and coefficient of variation were similar for transgenic and normal individuals. The percent deformities observed in P1 transgenics (13.6%) was higher (P < 0.05) than in microinjected P1 nontransgenics (5.1%). Percent deformities in transgenics and control F1 channel catfish was not different (p > 0.05; 0.5 and 2.8%, respectively).