山东省的菌根真菌及分布

1842年Vittadini观察到树木小根可以从在其上面形成根套的真菌中获得营养。1885年Frank发展和完善了Vittadini 的观察,提出     

Screening and Identification of Marburg Virus Entry Inhibitors Using Approved Drugs

正Dear Editor,Marburg virus(MARV) belongs to the Filoviridae family,along with the related Ebola virus(EBOV). Although MARV is less renowned than EBOV, it causes an equally devastating disease, with clinical symptoms similar to EBOV infection and a remarkably high mortality rate. To     

CD63在戊型肝炎病毒感染中的作用机制

本研究旨在寻找戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)衣壳蛋白ORF2的相互作用蛋白,探讨其在HEV感染中的作用。采用酵母双杂交方法从人肝细胞文库中筛选与HEV ORF2相互作用的蛋白,结果显示CD63与HEV ORF2相互作用。Pull-down实验提示原核表达的ORF2与CD63结合较弱,而免疫共沉淀实验提示真核表达的ORF2能与CD63结合。流式细胞术检测结果显示,HEV易感细胞PLC/PRF/5细胞膜表面的CD63表达水平普遍低于HEV非易感细胞。过表达CD63抑制PLC/PRF/5细胞的HEV感染,而小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)干扰CD63表达则促进HEV感染。结果提示,CD63能与HEV ORF2相互作用,可能抑制HEV感染肝细胞。     

Experimental Infection of Rabbits with Rabbit and Genotypes 1 and 4 Hepatitis E Viruses

Background

A recent study provided evidence that farmed rabbits in China harbor a novel hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype. Although the rabbit HEV isolate had 77–79% nucleotide identity to the mammalian HEV genotypes 1 to 4, their genomic organization is very similar. Since rabbits are used widely experimentally, including as models of infection, we investigated whether they constitute an appropriate animal model for human HEV infection.

Methods

Forty-two SPF rabbits were divided randomly into eleven groups and inoculated with six different isolates of rabbit HEV, two different doses of a second-passage rabbit HEV, and with genotype 1 and 4 HEV. Sera and feces were collected weekly after inoculation. HEV antigen, RNA, antibody and alanine aminotransferase in sera and HEV RNA in feces were detected. The liver samples were collected during necropsy subject to histopathological examination.

Findings

Rabbits inoculated with rabbit HEV became infected with HEV, with viremia, fecal virus shedding and high serum levels of viral antigens, and developed hepatitis, with elevation of the liver enzyme, ALT. The severity of disease corresponded to the infectious dose (genome equivalents), with the most severe hepatic disease caused by strain GDC54-18. However, only two of nine rabbits infected with HEV genotype 4, and none infected with genotype 1, developed hepatitis although six of nine rabbits inoculated with the genotype 1 HEV and in all rabbits inoculated with the genotype 4 HEV seroconverted to be positive for anti-HEV IgG antibody by 14 weeks post-inoculation.

Conclusions

These data indicate that rabbits are an appropriate model for rabbit HEV infection but are not likely to be useful for the study of human HEV. The rabbit HEV infection of rabbits may provide an appropriate parallel animal model to study HEV pathogenesis.     

Structural and functional insights into MCR-2 mediated colistin resistance

正Dear Editor,The spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria is a serious and growing threat to global health(Peleg and Hooper, 2010). One emerging case is transferable genes found in bacteria-encoding enzymes resistant to colistin.     

Screening and identification of HTNVpv entry inhibitors with high-throughput pseudovirus-based chemiluminescence

Hantaviruses, such as Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus, are the causative agents of Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and are important zoonotic pathogens. China has the highest incidence of HFRS, which is mainly caused by HTNV and Seoul virus. No approved antiviral drugs are available for these hantaviral diseases. Here, a chemiluminescence-based high-throughput-screening (HTS) assay was developed and used to screen HTNV pseudovirus (HTNV_pv) inhibitors in a library of 1813 approved drugs and 556 small-molecule compounds from traditional Chinese medicine sources. We identified six compounds with in vitro anti-HTNV_pv activities in the low-micromolar range (EC₅₀ values of 0.1–2.2 μmol/L; selectivity index of 40–900). Among the six selected compounds, cepharanthine not only showed good anti-HTNV_pv activity in vitro but also inhibited HTNV_pv-fluc infection in Balb/c mice 5 h after infection by 94% (180 mg/kg/d, P < 0.01), 93% (90 mg/kg/d, P < 0.01), or 92% (45 mg/kg/d, P < 0.01), respectively, in a bioluminescent imaging mouse model. A time-of-addition analysis suggested that the antiviral mechanism of cepharanthine involves the membrane fusion and entry phases. Overall, we have established a HTS method for antiviral drugs screening, and shown that cepharanthine is a candidate for HCPS and HFRS therapy. These findings may offer a starting point for the treatment of patients infected with hantaviruses.     

A novel STING agonist-adjuvanted pan-sarbecovirus vaccine elicits potent and durable neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice,rabbits and NHPs

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and potentially other highly pathogenic sarbecoviruses in the future highlights the need for pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.Here...