Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ameliorates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage by Regulating Transporters,Tight Junctions,and Apoptosis Gene Expression in Cell Line IPEC-1

Probiotics have always been considered as a supplementary therapy for many diseases especially gut disorders. The absorption and barrier function of the gut play a vital role in the maintenance of body homeostasis. This study was to investigate the protective effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 (Ba) on H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress on intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1) based on the level of gene expression. We demonstrated that Ba was a safe probiotic strain in the first place. Results showed that treatment with H₂O₂ significantly increased the mRNA expression of absorptive transporters glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), Ala/Ser/Cys/Thr transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2 compared with the control group. Meanwhile, oxidative stress induced a significant improvement in the mRNA expression of occludin (OCLN) and caspase-3, and remarkably inhibited the expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) or B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), respectively. Pretreatment with Ba dramatically reversed the disturbance induced by oxidative stress on the mRNA expression of ASCT1, ASCT2, and OCLN, which also significantly prevented H₂O₂-inhibited LAT1 and Bcl-2 mRNA expression. However, Ba failed to exert any significant protective effect on GLUT2 and caspase-3 mRNA expression. We concluded that pretreatment with Ba could alleviate the damage caused by oxidative stress to a certain extent and conferred a protective effect to the intestine.

     

Reduced growth responses of mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant blackgrass to allelopathic wheat are driven by underground chemical interaction

Plant and Soil - The incidence of herbicide-resistant blackgrass is escalating in wheat fields; the development of alternatives to traditional herbicides is crucial. Allelopathic wheat can suppress...     

Modulating the strength of tetrel bonding through beryllium bonding

Quantum chemical calculations were performed to investigate the stability of the ternary complexes BeH₂···XMH₃···NH₃ (X?=?F, Cl, and Br; M?=?C, Si, and Ge) and the corresponding binary complexes at the atomic level. Our results reveal that the stability of the XMH₃···BeH₂ complexes is mainly due to both a strong beryllium bond and a weak tetrel–hydride interaction, while the XMH₃···NH₃ complexes are stabilized by a tetrel bond. The beryllium bond with a halogen atom as the electron donor has many features in common with a beryllium bond with an O or N atom as the electron donor, although they do exhibit some different characteristics. The stability of the XMH₃···NH₃ complex is dominated by the electrostatic interaction, while the orbital interaction also makes an important contribution. Interestingly, as the identities of the X and M atoms are varied, the strength of the tetrel bond fluctuates in an irregular manner, which can explained by changes in electrostatic potentials and orbital interactions. In the ternary systems, both the beryllium bond and the tetrel bond are enhanced, which is mainly ascribed to increased electrostatic potentials on the corresponding atoms and charge transfer. In particular, when compared to the strengths of the tetrel and beryllium bonds in the binary systems, in the ternary systems the tetrel bond is enhanced to a greater degree than the beryllium bond.

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Graphical Abstract A tetrel bond can be strengthened greatly by a beryllium bond

     

Melatonin alleviates the deterioration of oocytes from mice subjected to repeated superovulation

Induction of repeated superovulation with exogenous hormones is widely used in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Though it is generally safe, emerging evidence has indicated that repeated superovulation may compromise oocyte quality. However, few studies have explored how to ameliorate such impairment. Because melatonin has beneficial influences on oocytes in various detrimental environments, we aimed to explore whether melatonin could protect mouse oocytes after repeated superovulation. We found that repeated superovulation markedly reduced meiotic maturation and disrupted spindle organization and chromosome alignment. Furthermore, we observed reduced mitochondrial content and enhanced early apoptosis in oocytes from mice subjected to repeated superovulation. In addition, 5-methylcytosine (5mc) fluorescence intensity was lower in oocytes from experimental mice than in those from control mice, indicating that repeated superovulation disrupts genomic DNA methylation, and elevations in reactive oxygen species levels indicated that repeated superovulation also induces oxidative stress. Conversely, melatonin administration improved oocyte maturation and attenuated the observed defects. Interestingly, supplementation with melatonin during in vitro maturation had the same protective effects on oocytes as in vivo melatonin administration. In summary, our results show that melatonin can improve oocyte quality after repeated superovulation and thus provide a potential strategy to improve ART efficiency.     

Synthesis of four oligosaccharides derived from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paris polyphylla</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">yunnanensis</Emphasis> and their tobacco (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nicotiana tabacum</Emphasis> L.) growth-regulatory activity

Four oligosaccharides (penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octa-saccharide) derived from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis have been synthesized efficiently using a convergent glycosylation strategy. The tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) growth bioactivities of the synthesized oligosaccharides were examined, using tissue-cultured seedlings grown on solid MS medium. After 2 or 3 weeks, all four oligosaccharides had stimulated tobacco seedling growth at 1.0 ppm and the pentasaccharide showed the most significant stimulus effects. Further experiments showed that the effects of pentasaccharide on tobacco growth had an obvious concentration-dependent relationship in the range of 0.1–1.0 ppm. This stimulus effect showed some decrease when the pentasaccharide concentration was higher than 1.0 ppm. At 1.0 ppm, pentasaccharide had the most significant effects, which caused a 520% fresh weight increase of tobacco. The bioactivity of these synthesized oligosaccharides suggested that they may be good prospects for the application in the control of plant growth and development.     

一株多花黄精内生真菌的鉴别及其抗菌代谢产物

【目的】药用植物内生真菌是一类重要的微生物资源,能代谢产生多种生物活性物质。本研究从浙江庆元百山祖自然保护区多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema)分离获得1株具有抗菌活性的菌株zjqy610。【方法】通过形态和ITS rDNA序列分析,鉴定为变灰青霉(Penicillium canescens)。采用正相硅胶柱层析和凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱层析,以紫外光或碘蒸汽显迹,配合活性追踪等,从zjqy610发酵液中分离获得3个具抗真菌活性的化合物。【结果】通过质谱和核磁共振波谱技术分别将其结构鉴定为:乙基氧苯氨基亚胺乙酸(o-acetylbenzeneamidinocarboxylic acid)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)和[1,2-b]呋喃2-甲基3-羧甲基4-羟基-5-甲氧基萘(naphtho[1,2-b]furan-3-carboxylic acid,4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyl-)。抑菌活性测试表明,3个化合物对多种植物病原真菌具有抑制活性,其中化合物zjqy610D-4对番茄灰葡萄孢、圆形炭疽菌、泻根亚隔孢壳和核盘菌4种病原真菌的活性最强,半抑制浓度EC50分别为0.68、0.38、0.91和0.61mg/L。【结论】该化合物具有开发成农用抗生素的价值。     

留置针联合镇痛泵在外科病人术后的应用

目的研究留置针联合镇痛泵在外科病人术后的镇痛护理。方法采用留置针联合镇痛泵在外科病人术后给药的镇痛方法。结果留置针联合镇痛泵在外科病人术后的优点:操作简单、容易掌握、危险小、并发症少,大大减少经济支出,可保留7天。结论留置针联合镇痛泵在外科病人术后的镇痛取得较好效果。     

可见分光光度法测定盐胁迫下玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量

采用可见分光光度计法研究了盐胁迫条件下,登海9号及掖丹22两个玉米品种的幼苗中SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量变化。根据这些生理指标在不同玉米品种、不同盐浓度处理下的变化规律,探求盐胁迫下玉米幼苗的抗盐生理机制。研究结果表明,随着NaCl处理浓度的提高,玉米幼苗中SOD、POD及CAT活性均有增加;当盐胁迫浓度达到60mol/L时,两玉米品种的SOD活性均达到最高,然后随NaCl处理浓度的增加,SOD活性逐渐降低;当盐胁迫浓度达到40mol/L时,两玉米品种的POD活性均达到最高,然后随NaCl处理浓度的增加,POD活性逐渐降低;当盐胁迫浓度达到40mol/L时,掖丹22的CAT活性达到最高,当盐胁迫浓度达到60mol/L时,登海9号的CAT活性达到最高,然后随NaCl处理浓度的增加,CAT活性逐渐降低。随着NaCl处理浓度的提高,玉米幼苗叶片中的MDA含量均有增加,当浓度大于40mol/L时,增加幅度加大。