日本沼虾含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶全长克隆及表达分析

为探讨日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)的免疫机制及含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Se-GPx)在甲壳动物解毒和免疫应激反应中的作用,本文采用RACE法克隆了日本沼虾Se-GPx cDNA全长,其cDNA全长为908 bp,5′-UTR的长度为91 bp,3′-UTR长为256 bp,包括1个保守的硒代半胱氨酸插入序列(SECIS)和1个polyA尾,开放阅读框长度为561 bp,编码由186个氨基酸组成的多肽,其中,第39个氨基酸为TGA编码的硒代半胱氨酸。同源性和相似性分析显示日本沼虾的Se-GPx在甲壳动物中与罗氏沼虾相似度最高,在脊椎动物中与GPx1和GPx2家族的相似度比较高。日本沼虾Se-GPx基因在血细胞、肝胰腺、肌肉、卵巢、表皮以及大颚器官中都有表达,尤其在血细胞中表达量相对较高。用嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)刺激后3h和6h,血细胞Se-GPx基因表达量显著升高。结果表明,日本沼虾Se-GPx作为一种重要的抗氧化酶,在维护组织正常功能方面及免疫应激反应中发挥重要作用。     

Role of caspase 2 in apoptotic signaling in primate and murine germ cells

This study investigates the role of caspase 2 in apoptotic signaling of nonhuman primate male germ cells triggered by mild testicular hyperthermia, testosterone (T(e)) implants, or by combined interventions. Mean incidence of germ cell apoptosis increased significantly by Day 3 in the heat (H(e)) alone group and by Day 8 in the Te alone group but peaked at Day 3 in H(e) + T(e) group. We found activation of caspase 2 in both germ cells and Sertoli cells after induction of apoptosis. Most notably, active caspase 2 immunoreactivity was detected only in those germ cells susceptible to apoptosis compared with controls, where little or no such staining is detected. To further explore the role of caspase 2 in regulating male germ cell death, we next evaluated the efficacy of caspase 2 inhibition in preventing or attenuating heat-induced germ cell apoptosis in rats. Caspase 2 inhibition significantly (P < 0.05) prevented such heat-induced germ cell apoptosis. The protection offered by the caspase 2 inhibitor occurred upstream of mitochondria, involving suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 14 activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) induction and, in turn, suppression of cytochrome c-mediated death pathway. Together, our results show that caspase 2 is activated in male germ cells undergoing apoptosis in nonhuman primates after heat stress, hormonal deprivation, or after combined interventions. Blockade of caspase 2 activation prevents heat-induced germ cell apoptosis in rats by suppressing the MAPK14- and NO-mediated intrinsic pathway signaling.     

分子生物学杂志文献搜索引擎开发研究

为了方便从事分子生物学研究人员快捷、准确地查阅相关杂志文献,开发和利用NCBI的Medline数据库的杂志文献资源。我们从Medline(PubMed)中检索并列出184种有关分子生物学的杂志名录,制作了每种杂志的超级链接及部分杂志年份相应的超级链接,组成一个有关分子生物学杂志文献的搜索引擎。此搜索引擎能快捷、准确、动态地检索184种分子生物学杂志全部文献题录及部分杂志各年的文献题录,并可在PubMed中进一步检索出文献的摘要和部分全文。     

Hp,Gc,ABO三个非连锁基因系统间双位点遗传平衡检验

检测了1033例佳木斯地区汉族人群中Hp、Gc、ABO 3个基因系统的表型分布情况。当分别对这3个系统进行单位点遗传平衡检验时,均处于平衡状态。当在这3个基因系统间进行双位点遗传平衡检验时,则发现Hp-Gc双位点表型组合显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg期望值（P<0.025）。本文又从配子不平衡角度,检测了Hp-Gc双位点间的相关性,结果χ2=4.389, P<0.05, 表明Hp-Gc两个位点之间具有显著的相关性。     

Medline (PubMed)遗传学杂志文献搜索引擎开发研究

为了方便遗传学工作者快捷、准确地查阅遗传学杂志文献,开发和利用NCBI 的 Medline数据库的遗传学杂志文献资源。从Medline (PubMed)中检索并列出173种有关遗传学的杂志名录,制作了每种杂志及部分杂志年份相应的超级链接,组成一个有关遗传学杂志文献的搜索引擎。此搜索引擎能快捷、准确、动态地检索173种遗传学杂志全部文献题录及部分杂志各年的文献题录,并可在PubMed中进一步检索出文献的摘要和部分全文。 Abstract：To help geneticists look up genetics journals more quickly and exactly,this paper developed this search engine of genetics journals. The paper exploited the search engine with genetics journals sources of Medline database in NCBI, indexed and listed 173 names of genetics journals from Medline. Then obtained one search engine concerning genetics journals after making every journal´s super linkage. The search engine can search out not only all articles´ titles of 173 genetics journals but also some articles’ titles of the journals each year quickly,exactly and variablely. We can further obtain all articles´ abstracts and some full texts in PubMed.     

Signaling pathways for germ cell death in adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) induced by mild testicular hyperthermia and exogenous testosterone treatment

Male contraception has focused, to a great extent, on approaches that induce azoospermia or severe oligospermia through accelerated germ cell apoptosis. Understanding the specific steps in the germ cell apoptotic pathways that are affected by male contraceptives will allow more specific targeting in future contraceptive development. In this study, we have used a nonhuman primate model to characterize the key apoptotic pathway(s) in germ cell death after mild testicular hyperthermia, hormonal deprivation, or combined interventions. Groups of 8 adult (7- to 10-year-old) cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) received one of the following treatments: 1) two empty silastic implants; 2) two 5.5-cm testosterone (T) implants; 3) daily exposure of testes to heat (43 degrees C for 30 min) for 2 consecutive days; and 4) two T implants plus testicular heat exposure for two consecutive days. Testicular biopsies were performed before and at Days 3, 8, and 28 of treatment. Treatment with T, heat, or both led to sustained activation of both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1/3 and MAPK14. Activation of MAPK1/3 and MAPK14 were accompanied by an increase in B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL) 2 levels in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of testicular lysates (BAX levels remained unaffected) and cytochrome c and DIABLO release from mitochondria. These treatments also resulted in inactivation of BCL2 through phosphorylation at serine 70, thereby favoring the death pathway. We conclude that the serine phosphorylation of BCL2 and activation of the MAPK14-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway are critical for male germ cell death in monkeys.