退化高寒草甸关键生态属性对多途径恢复措施的响应特征

高寒草甸是青藏高原的主体植被类型，但退化态势较为严峻，严重威胁青藏高原生态屏障的战略地位。退化高寒草甸的复健是世界性难题，治理效果也因退化状态、恢复措施及气候环境而异。以春季休牧、秋季休牧、畜群结构优化、减畜轮牧、围栏封育及翻耕改建等典型多途径恢复措施下的退化高寒草甸为对象，系统探讨主要生态要素和生态功能的响应特征及潜在过程。结果表明，典型恢复措施下退化高寒草甸的植被生产力、土壤有机碳密度及土壤饱和持水量等生态要素都得到一定程度的提升，而恢复效果与实施年限及恢复措施密切相关。围栏封育和翻耕改建下土壤有机碳密度及饱和持水量随恢复年限均表现为对数饱和型的响应特征，退化高寒草甸固碳持水功能的基本恢复年限约为6—10年。春季休牧、秋季休牧、畜群结构优化、减畜轮牧、围栏封育等放牧管理恢复措施应适用于轻度退化至重度退化的高寒草甸，而翻耕改建则是极度退化高寒草甸的适宜治理措施。由于多途径恢复措施的关注目标不同，今后研究应集中在恢复措施的组合优化和综合评价等方面。     

A chromosome‐level genome assembly reveals the genetic basis of cold tolerance in a notorious rice insect pest,Chilo suppressalis

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, is one of the most damaging insect pests to rice production worldwide. Although C. suppressalis has been the focus of numerous studies examining cold tolerance and diapause, plant–insect interactions, pesticide targets and resistance, and the development of RNAi‐mediated pest management, the absence of a high‐quality genome has limited deeper insights. To address this limitation, we generated a draft C. suppressalis genome constructed from both Illumina and PacBio sequences. The assembled genome size was 824.35 Mb with a contig N₅₀ of 307 kb and a scaffold N₅₀ of 1.75 Mb. Hi‐C scaffolding assigned 99.2% of the bases to one of 29 chromosomes. Based on universal single‐copy orthologues (BUSCO), the draft genome assembly was estimated to be 97% complete and is predicted to encompass 15,653 protein‐coding genes. Cold tolerance is an extreme survival strategy found in animals. However, little is known regarding the genetic basis of the winter ecology of C. suppressalis. Here, we focused our orthologous analysis on those gene families associated with animal cold tolerance. Our finding provided the first genomic evidence revealing specific cold‐tolerant strategies in C. suppressalis, including those involved in glucose‐originated glycerol biosynthesis, triacylglycerol‐originated glycerol biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis and trehalose transport‐intermediate cold tolerance. The high‐quality C. suppressalis genome provides a valuable resource for research into a broad range of areas in molecular ecology, and subsequently benefits developing modern pest control strategies.     

全球中华鲎资源保护现状及对策建议

鲎是古老的海洋节肢动物。中华鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)是世界现存4种鲎中体型最大的一种, 是河口生态系统的标志物种, 同时其血液被用于生产医用检验试剂――鲎试剂。中华鲎的自然地理分布范围相当狭窄, 仅局限于日本濑户内海向南延伸至印度尼西亚爪哇岛北岸以北的太平洋西岸海域, 其中在中国东岸和日本南部海域的历史产量较高。自20世纪50年代以来中华鲎种群数量出现了显著减少, 2019年中华鲎在IUCN红色名录中的濒危等级正式更新为濒危(EN), 明确了中华鲎资源呈现全球性衰退的状态, 究其原因可归纳为鲎生境破坏和过度捕捞两个方面。在开展鲎资源保护的实践工作中, 作者深刻反思当前鲎资源保护在海洋保护区划定、增殖放流及科普和野生动物保护法宣传中存在的问题并提出相应建议, 包括加快完善种群基线数据, 制定标准化种群和生境基线监测指南, 构建科学放流体系等, 以期推进全球范围内的中华鲎资源保护与科学管理。     

分子标记在濒危物种保护中的应用

分子标记可揭示种群遗传和进化信息, 为制定濒危物种保护措施、指导恢复实践提供重要依据。本文主要介绍了分子标记在濒危物种保护过程不同环节中的应用, 包括: (1)正确识别保护单元, 如排除隐存种和杂交种的影响; (2)确定优先保护单元, 包括优先保护区域、优先保护物种、优先保护种群等; (3)指导迁地保护; (4)对保护工作的动态监测和评估。文章最后探讨了分子标记应用于保护的发展方向, 如开展长期的种群遗传组成监测、切实应用于保护管理实践、将基因组学等遗传信息用于全球变化背景下保护策略的制定等, 期望为分子标记技术在生物多样性保护的研究和实践中提供参考。     

内蒙古自治区干旱脆弱性评价

干旱带来的环境影响及经济损失,阻碍了地区的可持续发展。开展干旱脆弱性评价是合理制定区域规划与管理措施的前提条件。然而,国内目前鲜有以省或自治区为研究区域,以市级行政区域为尺度的自然-社会-经济耦合的干旱脆弱性研究。根据IPCC提出的干旱脆弱性评价模型,选取19个指标,在3个维度上（暴露度、敏感度和适应能力）对内蒙古自治区的12个盟市开展了干旱脆弱性评价。采用熵值法确定各指标权重,并用综合指数法和系统分类法计算干旱脆弱性指数并进行分类。研究结果表明,内蒙古自治区的干旱脆弱性呈现由东向西递减的趋势,与干旱脆弱性相关性最强的三个指标分别是第一产业GDP比例、人均可支配收入和第一产业从业人员比例。导致盟市干旱脆弱性的主要贡献因素为人口与人力因素和生态与水资源因素。减缓内蒙古自治区干旱脆弱性可以从加强草原保护建设和管理,合理规划盟市建设,减少人口的集中分布,调整产业结构,提供更多的非农牧就业岗位,加强职业技能培训,完善金融服务和医疗服务等方面入手,从而促进干旱区自然生态和社会经济的可持续发展。     

Serological and genetic analysis of a rare CisAB01/O01 blood group

The paper aims to analyze a rare blood sample in Ganzhou City Hospital with CisAB subtype and explore a feasible pattern for blood typing of rare blood type patients, so as to ensure clinical transfusion safety. The routine serological methods were used for ABO forward and reverse blood typing and the fluorescence real-time PCR technique was used for sample genotyping. A human ABO blood group 6-7 exon sequencing kit was used for sequence analysis. The nucleic acid sequence of the sample was compared with reference sequences. The forward typing results demonstrated that the sample was ABw, RhD positive. The sample exhibited 4+ agglutination with anti-H and anti-AB antibodies. Reverse typing by microcolumn gel method showed an AB result, but the serum sample demonstrated weak agglutination with B cell under room temperature, 4 °C and 37 °C in saline when tested with tube method respectively. The serological results matched with the A₂B₃ serotype. The fluorescent real-time PCR genotyping results displayed A/O01. The sequence analysis demonstrated deletion of guanine in 261-position 467C>T (heterozygote) and 803G>T (heterozygote) mutation respectively. The mutation caused the A glycosyltransferase peptide chain to change from proline to leucine (P156L) at 156 and from glutamate to alanine (G268A) at 268. The result demonstrated that the sample''s genotype was CisAB01/O01. The mutation of glycosyltransferase coding gene leads to an abnormal serological reaction pattern. Only by combining the results of genetic analysis can we get the true sample blood type and better ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.     

Triptolide Induces Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis of Human Laryngocarcinoma Cells by Enhancing p53 Activities and Suppressing E6-Mediated p53 Degradation

Triptolide, an active compound extracted from Chinese herb Leigongteng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.), shows a broad-spectrum of anticancer activity through its cytotoxicity. However, the efficacy of triptolide on laryngocarcinoma rarely been evaluated, and the mechanism by which triptolide-induced cellular apoptosis is still not well understood. In this study, we found that triptolide significantly inhibited the laryngocarcinoma HEp-2 cells proliferation, migration and survivability. Triptolide induces HEp-2 cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways since both caspase-8 and -9 are activated. Moreover, triptolide enhances p53 expression by increasing its stability via down-regulation of E6 and E6AP. Increased p53 transactivates down-stream target genes to initiate apoptosis. In addition, we found that short time treatment with triptolide induced DNA damage, which was consistent with the increase in p53. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of triptolide is decreased by p53 knockdown or use of caspases inhibitor. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that triptolide inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in laryngocarcinoma cells by enhancing p53 expression and activating p53 functions through induction of DNA damage and suppression of E6 mediated p53 degradation. These studies indicate that triptolide is a potential anti-laryngocarcinoma drug.     

Microarray analysis of gene expression profile in resistant and susceptible Bombyx mori strains reveals resistance-related genes to nucleopolyhedrovirus

To investigate the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection, we constructed a near-isogenic line (BC8) with BmNPV resistance using highly resistant (NB) and highly susceptible parental strains (306). We investigated variations in the gene expression in the midguts of BmNPV-infected BC8 and 306 at 12 h pi using the microarray. 92 differentially expressed genes were identified. Real-time qPCR analysis confirmed that 10 genes were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated in the midguts of BC8 and NB compared to 306. To our knowledge, we first defined the role of the amino acid transporter and 26S proteasome in insect antiviral. However, serine protease was not completely consistent with data of reported previously in insect antiviral. The role of the 5 genes (Bm123, Bm122, COP β′, aquaporin, glycoside hydrolases) was also demonstrated in insect antiviral. Our results provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of the Bombyx mori immune response against BmNPV infection.     

黄东海陆架区沉积物中磷的形态分布及生物可利用性

采用1992年Ruttenberg连续提取法(SEDEX)将黄东海陆架区沉积物中的磷分为交换态磷(Ex-P),Fe结合态磷(Fe-P),自生磷(Au-P),碎屑磷(De-P),有机磷(Or-P),分析了各形态磷的平面和垂直分布特征;利用沉积物年代序列测定的结果,探讨了柱状沉积物中不同形态磷的含量变化,并进一步分析了该区域磷形态的生物可利用性.结果表明,黄东海陆架区表层沉积物各形态磷平均含量为:Au-P(140.72 μg/g)＞De-P(59.23 μg/g)＞Or-P(32.69 μg/g)＞Fe-P(29.91 μg/g)＞Ex-P(5.92 μg/g);各形态磷在沉积时间序列上分布不同,反映了不同时期人类活动和气候环境等因子对磷埋藏量影响的不同,其中Au-P在长江口H1-18站位含量比南黄海中部3个站位要低得多;调查区表层潜在生物有效磷为13.55％左右,仅仅占沉积磷中的一小部分.