全文获取类型
收费全文 | 378篇 |
免费 | 32篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 18篇 |
2011年 | 19篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 16篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有410条查询结果,搜索用时 711 毫秒
1.
The velocity and orientation of T4 and lambda DNA have been measured for the first 20 s during pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in order to clarify the DNA motions that occur. For a square pulse with field strength E = 10 V/cm, the velocity of lambda DNA increases gradually to 10.5 microns/s in 1.0 s, declines to 8.6 microns/s, and then rises to a plateau value of 9.3 microns/s after 4 s. T4 DNA behaves similarly, but more slowly. Parallel measurements of fluorescence-detected linear dichroism show that the DNA becomes substantially aligned with its chain axis parallel to the electrophoretic field E after the pulse is applied. The alignment also shows an overshoot, an undershoot, and a plateau comparable to those seen for velocity. When the field strength increases, both the velocity and the alignment reach their peaks more quickly. For all field strengths and both molecular weights, the velocity peak occurs when the molecular center of mass has moved 0.3 to 0.5 L, where L is the chain contour length. A qualitative model is provided. 相似文献
2.
3.
J G Tully R F Whitcomb D L Rose D L Williamson J M Bové 《The Yale journal of biology and medicine》1983,56(5-6):599-603
Three serologically distinct groups of spiroplasmas have been recovered from ticks. Spiroplasma mirum strains (from rabbit ticks, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) and Y32 group (VI) spiroplasmas (from Ixodes pacificus) are the only spiroplasmas to have a clear association with these arthropods. Group (VI) spiroplasmas are distinguished by an unusual nonhelical morphology and their capacity to hemadsorb guinea pig erythrocytes. S. mirum strains are unique in their ability to induce cataracts or lethal brain infections in a number of young vertebrates and in their virulence for the chick embryo. The 277F spiroplasma, while initially recovered from a pool of rabbit ticks (H. leporispalustris), is related by certain serological and genetic properties to spiroplasmas in the S. citri complex (serogroup I). These relationships suggest that the 277F spiroplasma may not be a natural inhabitant of the rabbit tick. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
M. Konai K. J. Hackett D. L. Williamson J. J. Lipa J. D. Pollack G. E. Gasparich E. A. Clark D. C. Vacek R. F. Whitcomb 《Applied microbiology》1996,62(9):3453-3458
In North America, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is often infected with the host-specific, gut-inhabiting Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (CPBS). CPBS is apparently a commensal, but it may be useful in biocontrol if it can be transformed to express an insect-lethal gene. Difficulty in cultivating the organism, however, has hindered the development of a suitable transformation system. In this study, we eliminated the need for coculturing CPBS with insect cells. CPBS was reliably isolated with the BBL Anaerobic GasPak Jar system (low redox, enhanced CO(inf2)), which was easier to use and less expensive than insect cell coculture methods. A further advantage is a reduction in contaminating insect cell components. Use of anaerobiosis should facilitate early-passage screening of isolates for extrachromosomal elements, for use in gene vector constructs. The unique spiral (decreasing amplitude of coils) morphology of CPBS was preserved by anaerobiosis. The use of low-pH (6.0 to 6.5) media allowed aerobic adaptation of CPBS to M1D and SP-4 broth media. These formulations permitted the first cultivation of CPBS on solid media, an accomplishment that will simplify the selection of molecular transformants. Potato beetles collected at four sites in Poland yielded CPBS strains similar to those previously obtained from populations in North America. 相似文献
7.
The phylogeny of Greya Busck (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae) was inferred from
nucleotide sequence variation across a 765-bp region in the cytochrome
oxidase I and II genes of the mitochondrial genome. Most parsimonious
relationships of 25 haplotypes from 16 Greya species and two outgroup
genera (Tetragma and Prodoxus) showed substantial congruence with the
species relationships indicated by morphological variation. Differences
between mitochondrial and morphological trees were found primarily in the
positions of two species, G. variabilis and G. pectinifera, and in the
branching order of the three major species groups in the genus. Conflicts
between the data sets were examined by comparing levels of homoplasy in
characters supporting alternative hypotheses. The phylogeny of Greya
species suggests that host-plant association at the family level and larval
feeding mode are conservative characters. Transition/transversion ratios
estimated by reconstruction of nucleotide substitutions on the phylogeny
had a range of 2.0-9.3, when different subsets of the phylogeny were used.
The decline of this ratio with the increase in maximum sequence divergence
among taxa indicates that transitions are masked by transversions along
deeper internodes or long branches of the phylogeny. Among transitions,
substitutions of A-->G and T-->C outnumbered their reciprocal
substitutions by 2-6 times, presumably because of the approximately 4:1
(77%) A+T-bias in nucleotide base composition. Of all transversions,
73%-80% were A<-->T substitutions, 85% of which occurred at third
positions of codons; these estimates did not decrease with an increase in
maximum sequence divergence of taxa included in the analysis. The high
frequency of A<-->T substitutions is either a reflection or an
explanation of the 92% A+T bias at third codon positions.
相似文献
8.
9.
David Stiller Robert F. Whitcomb Michael E. Coan Joseph G. Tully 《Current microbiology》1981,5(6):339-342
A spiroplasma isolate, was obtained from rabbit ticks (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) taken from cottontail rabbits in Maryland by inoculation of tick suspensions into SP-4 medium. The isolate was indistinguishable from an experimental vertebrate pathogen (suckling mouse cataract agent spiroplasma) when tested with other plant and tick spiroplasmas in growth inhibition, deformation, and metabolism inhibition tests. The isolated organism had a pathogenic profile for suckling rats and embryonated chicken eggs that differed significantly from that of other suckling mouse cataract agent strains. This is the first report of a direct spiroplasma isolation from ticks in cell-free medium, and confirms the specific association of spiroplasmas of the suckling mouse cataract agent serogroup with rabbit ticks. 相似文献
10.