全文获取类型
收费全文 | 758篇 |
免费 | 50篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 49篇 |
2012年 | 55篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 49篇 |
2006年 | 32篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有809条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Platelet-derived growth factor is not chemotactic for human peripheral blood monocytes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
D. T. Graves G. R. Grotendorst H. N. Antoniades C. J. Schwartz A. J. Valente 《Experimental cell research》1989,180(2):497-503
PDGF is a mitogenic protein stored in platelets and released upon platelet degranulation. Recent evidence indicates that PDGF plays an important role in both physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, particularly in tumorigenesis, wound healing, pulmonary fibrosis, and atherogenesis. In addition to its mitogenic potential, it has been reported that PDGF stimulates monocyte chemotaxis. Since the recruitment of monocytes from the peripheral vasculature is an important event in vivo, the potential role of PDGF as a monocyte chemoattractant has significant biologic implications. However, we now report that homogeneous human PDGF from platelets and a recombinant PDGF-2 homodimer do not stimulate monocyte chemotaxis. In contrast to previous reports these results indicate that PDGF is not a monocyte chemoattractant. 相似文献
2.
A J Valente R Delgado J D Metter C Cho E A Sprague C J Schwartz D T Graves 《Journal of cellular physiology》1988,136(3):479-485
Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the arterial intima of man and experimental animals is important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascular SMC proliferation in vitro is stimulated by a number of agents, including the potent protein mitogen, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Recent studies on rat arterial SMC indicate that these cells may, under certain circumstances, synthesize PDGF protein mitogens, suggesting that the regulation of SMC proliferation in vivo may have an autocrine or paracrine component. In this study we demonstrate that cultured nonhuman primate (baboon) aortic SMC transcribe both the PDGF-A and PDGF-B genes but do not secrete detectable mitogenic activity characteristic of native PDGF. The absence of this activity was not due to the presence in the cell conditioned medium of factors inhibitory for PDGF-mediated mitogenic activity. Metabolic labeling of the cells and immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies to human PDGF did not detect a dimeric (30 kDa) PDGF protein in either the intracellular or extracellular compartments, but instead identified PDGF-related proteins of molecular weight 12 kDa and 100 kDa. These data suggest the presence in vascular SMC of a mechanism regulating the translation of PDGF mRNA that may play an important role in the control of SMC proliferation in vivo. 相似文献
3.
4.
Effects of three inhibitors of quinol oxidation in the chloroplast cytochrome bf complex (stigmatellin, tridecylstigmatellin and dibromothymoquinone) were studied in an isolated system comprising Photosystem I (PS I) particles, plastocyanin (PC) and cytochrome bf complex, in the absence of quinol or quinone. Addition of these inhibitors increased the extent of cytochrome f oxidation after a laser flash created oxidised PS I reaction centre (P700) and PC, and decreased somewhat the extent of PC oxidation. The re-reduction of oxidised P700 was more complete than when inhibitor was absent. The data were simulated with reactions which included the putative reduction of cytochrome f by the Rieske centre (FeS) and different rate-coefficients according as to whether inhibitor was bound to the bf complex or not. It was concluded that under the conditions studied the Rieske centre donated electrons to oxidised cytochrome f and plastocyanin with an average rate coefficient of 35 s–1. This electron transfer was prevented by any of the three inhibitors, which also increased the equilibrium coefficient for the cytochrome f/PC reaction by a maximum factor of two. This increase corresponded to a decrease in the back reaction coefficient and an increase in the forward rate. The equilibrium coefficient for the reduction of oxidised P700 by PC was about 2 in the absence of inhibitor but increased to about 20 in their presence, but only if cytochrome bf complex was additionally present. This was attributed to the transient formation of complexes between P700 with bound plastocyanin, and bf complex. The operative mid-point potential of FeS, if that of cytochrome f is 370 mV, was 390 mV. Deviations in midpoint potentials (P700/plastocyanin) from solution values were attributed to the bound state of the reactants. Estimates were made of the binding coefficient of each of the three inhibitors to p-sites in the cytochrome bf complex in the absence of competing quinol. A stoichiometry of two inhibitors per bf dimer was necessary to cause the above changes in reduction potential of cyt f and PC. A result of one inhibitor per dimer was statistically unlikely, particularly in the case of tridecylstigmatellin.Abbreviations Cyt-
cytochrome
- DBMIB(H2)-
2,5-dibromo-3--ethyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (reduced)
-
E
m-
midpoint reduction potential of a couple relative to the standard hydrogen electrode
- e-t-
electron transfer
- FeS (or R)-
Rieske iron-sulphur centre
- HEPES-
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulphonic acid
- Mega-9-
nonoyl-N-methylglucamide
-
n-site (Qr-site)-
quinone reduction site in cytochrome bf complex
- PC-
plastocyanin
-
p-site (Qo-site)-
quinol oxidation site in cytochrome bf complex
- PQ-
plastoquinone
- PSI-
Photosystem I
- P700-
reaction centre in Photosystem I
- TDS-
tridecyl stigmatellin 相似文献
5.
The kinetics of oxidation and reduction of P700, plastocyanin, cytochrome f and cytochrome b-563 were studied in a reconstituted system consisting of Photosystem I particles, cytochrome bf complex and plastocyanin, all derived from pea leaf chloroplasts. Decyl plastoquinol was the reductant of the bf complex. Turnovers of the system were initiated by laser flashes. The reaction between oxidised P700 and plastocyanin was non-homogeneous in that a second-order rate coefficient of c. 5×10–7 M–1 s–1 applied to 80% of the P700+ and c. 0.7×107 M–1 s–1 to the remainder. In the presence of bf complex, but without quinol, the electron transfer between cytochrome f and oxidised plastocyanin could be described by a second-order rate coefficient of c. 4×107 M–1 s–1 (forward), and c. 1.6×107 M–1 s–1 (reverse). The equilibrium coefficient was thus 2.5. Unexpectedly, there was little reduction of cytochrome f
+ or plastocyanin+ by electrons from the Rieske centre. With added quinol, reduction of cytochrome b-563 occurred. Concomitantly, electrons appeared in the oxidised species. It was inferred that either the Rieske centre was not involved in the high-potential chain of electron transfer events, or that, only in the presence of quinol, electrons were quickly passed from the Rieske centre to cytochrome f
+. Additionally, the presence of quinol altered the equilibrium coefficient for the cyt f/PC interaction from 2.5 to c. 5. The reaction between quinol and the bf complex was describable by a second-order rate coefficient of about 3×106 M–1 s–1. The pattern of the redox reactions around the bf complex could be simulated in detail with a Q-cycle model as previously found for chloroplasts.Abbreviations AQS
anthraquinone sulphonate
- cyt
cytochrome
- cyt b-563(H)
high-potential cyt b-563
- cyt b-563(L)
low potential cyt b-563
- FeS(R)
the Rieske protein of the cyt bf complex, containing an Fe2S2 centre
- PC
plastocyanin
- PS
photosystem
- P700
reaction centre in PS I 相似文献
6.
Rate-coefficients describing the electron transfer reactions between P700 and plastocyanin, between cytochromef in cytochromebf complexes and plastocyanin, and between decyl plastoquinol and cytochromebf complexes were determined as a function of pH in the range 4–10 from flash-induced absorbancy changes at four wavelengths. The reactions between P700 and plastocyanin, and between cytochromef and plastocyanin were optimised when there was electrostatic interaction between ionised acidic groups in plastocyanin with a pKa of 4.3–4.7 and ionised basic constituents in P700 (assumed to be in the PSI-F subunit) and in cytochromef, with a pKb of 8.9–9.4. The basic groups are thought to be lysine rather than arginine. This mechanism agrees with that inferred from effects of ionic strength changes on rate-coefficients. The relation between the second-order rate-coefficient for decyl plastoquinol oxidation by thebf complex and pH was characterised by a pKa of 6.1. This is interpreted as showing that the anion radical form of that quinol, which has a pKa of 6, and which becomes progressively protonated when pH is changed from 7 to 5, is essential to reduce cytochromeb-563 (low potential) during quinol oxidation. Above pH 9, permanent effects were observed on this rate-coefficient, which were absent in the reactions between P700, plastocyanin and cytochromef. 相似文献
7.
Direct sequencing of the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) of shrews
(genus Sorex) for the region between the tRNA(Pro) and the conserved
sequence block-F revealed variable numbers of 79-bp tandem repeats. These
repeats were found in all 19 individuals sequenced, representing three
subspecies and one closely related species of the masked shrew group (Sorex
cinereus cinereus, S. c. miscix, S. c. acadicus, and S. haydeni) and an
outgroup, the pygmy shrew (S. hoyi). Each specimen also possessed an
adjacent 76-bp imperfect copy of the tandem repeats. One individual was
heteroplasmic for length variants consisting of five and seven copies of
the 79-bp tandem repeat. The sequence of the repeats is conducive to the
formation of secondary structure. A termination-associated sequence is
present in each of the repeats and in a unique sequence region 5' to the
tandem array as well. Mean genetic distance between the masked shrew taxa
and the pygmy shrew was calculated separately for the unique sequence
region, one of the tandem repeats, the imperfect repeat, and these three
regions combined. The unique sequence region evolved more rapidly than the
tandem repeats or the imperfect repeat. The small genetic distance between
pairs of tandem repeats within an individual is consistent with a model of
concerted evolution. Repeats are apparently duplicated and lost at a high
rate, which tends to homogenize the tandem array. The rate of D- loop
sequence divergence between the masked and pygmy shrews is estimated to be
15%-20%/Myr, the highest rate observed in D-loops of mammals. Rapid
sequence evolution in shrews may be due either to their high metabolic rate
and short generation time or to the presence of variable numbers of tandem
repeats.
相似文献
8.
9.
M Valente P de Martino Rosaroll C De Santo S Di Meo T De Leo 《Archives internationales de physiologie et de biochimie》1989,97(6):427-430
Confirming the literature data the authors describe that the heart rate is smaller in the newborn rats than in adult ones and increases until the adult values during the first two weeks of life. On the other hand, the blood thyroid hormone exhibits the same pattern, showing an early postnatal increment. As, according the Adolph's data (1967), the heart rate enhancement is not due to the catecholamines, the authors suppose that such enhancement might conceivably depend on thyroid hormone increment. 相似文献
10.
大鼠胼胝体内神经肽Y免疫反应阳性纤维的发育 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验用免疫组织化学ABC法研究了大鼠胼胝体内神经肽Y免疫反应阳性(NPY-IR)纤维的生后发育。结果发现,许多NPY-IR纤维在大鼠出生时便存在于胼胝体内。NPY-IR胼胝体纤维的密度在生后1周内继续逐渐增高,在第2周内达到最高峰。之后,NPY-IR胼胝体纤维的密度逐渐下降,至第3周末时接近成年时的水平,即仅有少量NPY-IR纤维存在于胼胝体内。这些结果提示在大鼠早期生后发育过程中许多NPY-IR胼胝体纤维是暂时性的,其作用可能与大脑皮质的机能发育有关。 相似文献