The next step of neurogenesis in the context of Alzheimer’s disease

Molecular Biology Reports - Among different pathological mechanisms, neuronal loss and neurogenesis impairment in the hippocampus play important roles in cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s...     

In vitro mutagenesis of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars using ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS) and mutation assessment by ISSR and IRAP markers

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Mutation induction is a feasible and established breeding method for crop improvement and genetic diversity creation to introduce new plant cultivars....     

Nicotinamide mononucleotide and melatonin counteract myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating SIRT3/FOXO1 and reducing apoptosis in aged male rats

Molecular Biology Reports - It has been documented that aging increases the risk of cardiovascular disease including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and acute myocardial infarction. In...     

In vitro propagation and conservation of Satureja avromanica Maroofi—an indigenous threatened medicinal plant of Iran

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - An efficient and rapid in vitro propagation system for Satureja avromanica, a rare and endangered folk medicinal plant of Iran was developed through the...     

Taurine-upregulated gene 1: A functional long noncoding RNA in tumorigenesis

Taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is a 7.1 kb long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) first recognized in 2005 as an important element for retinal development in rodents. Subsequently, this lncRNA has been shown to participate in oncogenic processes through alteration in chromatin structure, sponging microRNAs, and affecting the expression of some cancer-related pathways. While most of the studies have revealed an oncogenic role for this lncRNA, some reports have shown downregulation of TUG1 in lung cancer samples compared with noncancerous samples. In triple negative breast cancer samples, the expression of this lncRNA has been decreased. Besides, its expression has been higher in HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes compared with luminal A. In the current review, we discuss the latest literature about the expression pattern and functional roles of TUG1 in diverse cancer types. In addition, its role in epithelial−mesenchymal transition and activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human malignancies will be explored.     

Impact of Rice Husk Biochar on Drought Stress Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - In a water shortage crisis, the landscape management of perennial ryegrass, a common lawn grass, is a major challenge. An organic material that can help to...     

Heterologous production of recombinant anti-HIV microbicide griffithsin in transgenic lettuce and tobacco lines

The present paper describes a detailed study of a highly efficient protocol to multiply the number of haploids in sugar beet production and subsequent chromosome doubling. The protocol involves an experiment investigating factorial interactions between cold pretreatment, seven genotypes of sugar beet, and kinetin to improve haploid embryo induction. In addition, the effects of color of ovules and flower bud position on haploid embryo induction were investigated. After subjecting the data to analysis of variance or Student’s t test (P?<?.05), the effect sizes of the independent variables were also estimated. Cold pretreatment was effective in stimulating the ovules. The haploid embryo induction rate for 1-week cold pretreated ovules (9.01%) was higher than that of freshly cultured ones (6.15%). In comparison with hormone-free medium (5.16%), the gynogenesis rate for the media supplemented with 0.05 or 0.5 mg L^?l kinetin increased to 7.58 and 10.05%, respectively. The genotype responses were significantly different. Interactions of kinetin?×?cold pretreatment, genotype?×?hormonal treatment, genotype?×?cold pretreatment, and the three-way interaction were statistically significant. Moreover, the main effects of flower bud position, ovule color, and comma-form ovule on gynogenic response were significant. After investigating the effect of 5 g L^?l colchicine for 3, 5, or 7 min on one genotype’s (SG2) specimens, all the haploid plantlets from the other genotypes were treated for 5 min as the best treatment. The paper discusses interactions of the factors, which may be interesting for others aiming to breed doubled haploid sugar beet or possibly other related plant species.     

Exploring genetic variations in threatened medicinal orchids using start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism and marker-association with seed morphometric traits

We aimed to study the genetic diversity and population structure of eight Iranian terrestrial orchid species, including Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon and M. W. Chase, Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski, Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr., Orchis collina Banks and Solander, Orchis mascula (L.) L., Orchis simia Lam., Ophrys schulzei Bornm. and Fleischm., and Ophrys straussii H. Fleischm. and Bornm. using start target codon markers (SCoT) and finding markers associated with seed morphometric traits. A total of 254 reproducible SCoT fragments were generated, of which 248 fragments were polymorphic (average polymorphism of 96.18%). The SCoT markers showed a narrow range of polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.397 for S9 primer to 0.499 for S11 and S20 primers. Based on the population analysis results, the Orchis simia accessions collected from Paveh region (Os.P) represented the lowest observed number of alleles (Na) (1.13) and effective number of alleles (Ne) (1.09). At the same time, the highest Na (1.29) and Ne (1.18) values were obtained in O. schulzei collected from Javanrood (Oyst.JA). Shannon’s information index (I) was ranged from 0.03 for D. umbrosa accessions collected from Marivan (Du.M population) to 0.263 for Ha.Ja population (H. affine accessions collected from Javanrood). The UPGMA dendrogram obtained with the Jaccard similarity coefficient (r = 0.97295) divided 97 studied terrestrial orchid accessions into eight groups mainly based on species type and geographical origin. Based on the Bayesian statistical index, the highest probability of the data was achieved when accessions were divided into eight groups (K = 8). Multiple association analysis (MRA) revealed significant associations between some of SCoT bands with seed morphometric traits. Our findings can be useful for germplasm characterization, conservation, and improvement of Iranian terrestrial orchid species.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00978-4.