全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4404篇 |
免费 | 245篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 52篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 37篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 60篇 |
2016年 | 82篇 |
2015年 | 133篇 |
2014年 | 154篇 |
2013年 | 257篇 |
2012年 | 276篇 |
2011年 | 285篇 |
2010年 | 172篇 |
2009年 | 148篇 |
2008年 | 270篇 |
2007年 | 269篇 |
2006年 | 261篇 |
2005年 | 231篇 |
2004年 | 227篇 |
2003年 | 195篇 |
2002年 | 214篇 |
2001年 | 113篇 |
2000年 | 113篇 |
1999年 | 99篇 |
1998年 | 52篇 |
1997年 | 56篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 71篇 |
1991年 | 58篇 |
1990年 | 57篇 |
1989年 | 50篇 |
1988年 | 76篇 |
1987年 | 46篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1978年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 19篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 12篇 |
1968年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有4650条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
Tomohiro Hamasaki Takahiro Matsumoto Naoya Sakamoto Akiko Shimahara Shiori Kato Ayumi Yoshitake Ayumi Utsunomiya Hisayoshi Yurimoto Esteban C. Gabazza Tadaaki Ohgi 《Nucleic acids research》2013,41(12):e126
Radioisotopes and fluorescent compounds are frequently used for RNA labeling but are unsuitable for clinical studies of RNA drugs because of the risk from radiation exposure or the nonequivalence arising from covalently attached fluorophores. Here, we report a practical phosphoramidite solid-phase synthesis of 18O-labeled RNA that avoids these disadvantages, and we demonstrate its application to quantification and imaging. The synthesis involves the introduction of a nonbridging 18O atom into the phosphate group during the oxidation step of the synthetic cycle by using 18O water as the oxygen donor. The 18O label in the RNA was stable at pH 3–8.5, while the physicochemical and biological properties of labeled and unlabeled short interfering RNA were indistinguishable by circular dichroism, melting temperature and RNA-interference activity. The 18O/16O ratio as measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry increased linearly with the concentration of 18O-labeled RNA, and this technique was used to determine the blood concentration of 18O-labeled RNA after administration to mice. 18O-labeled RNA transfected into human A549 cells was visualized by isotope microscopy. The RNA was observed in foci in the cytoplasm around the nucleus, presumably corresponding to endosomes. These methodologies may be useful for kinetic and cellular-localization studies of RNA in basic and pharmaceutical studies. 相似文献
2.
Takumi Hiyoshi Hisanori Domon Tomoki Maekawa Kosuke Nagai Hikaru Tamura Naoki Takahashi Daisuke Yonezawa Tomohiro Miyoshi Akihiro Yoshida Koichi Tabeta Yutaka Terao 《Microbiology and immunology》2019,63(3-4):100-110
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is considered to be associated with periodontitis. Leukotoxin (LtxA), which destroys leukocytes in humans, is one of this bacterium's major virulence factors. Amounts of neutrophil elastase (NE), which is normally localized in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, are reportedly increased in the saliva of patients with periodontitis. However, the mechanism by which NE is released from human neutrophils and the role of NE in periodontitis is unclear. In the present study, it was hypothesized that LtxA induces NE release from human neutrophils, which subsequently causes the breakdown of periodontal tissues. LtxA‐treatment did not induce significant cytotoxicity against human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) or human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). However, it did induce significant cytotoxicity against human neutrophils, leading to NE release. Furthermore, NE and the supernatant from LtxA‐treated human neutrophils induced detachment and death of HGECs and HGFs, these effects being inhibited by administration of an NE inhibitor, sivelestat. The present results suggest that LtxA mediates human neutrophil lysis and induces the subsequent release of NE, which eventually results in detachment and death of HGECs and HGFs. Thus, LtxA‐induced release of NE could cause breakdown of periodontal tissue and thereby exacerbate periodontitis. 相似文献
3.
Synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase in the liver of Rana catesbeiana tadpole treated with griseofulvin
The effect of griseofulvin treatment on the synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase was studied with the liver of the tadpole, Rana catesbeiana. (1) In the liver of tadpole treated with griseofulvin, a ferrochelatase inhibitor, the synthesis of heme a, but not cytochrome c oxidase protein, is inhibited. (2) The apocytochrome c oxidase which is formed in the liver of tadpole treated with griseofulvin is converted to the active holoenzyme by exogenously added heme a. 相似文献
4.
5.
Bacteriocin sensitivity typing according to the method of Traub (Appl. Microbiol. 1971. 21: 837-840) was carried out on 226 clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens obtained from inpatients at Nagasaki University Hospital during the period from January 1976 to December 1978. The isolates were divided into 16 different bacteriocin types, mainly 26, 4, and 9. The distribution of the types suggests that Serratia marcescens infections may be caused by cross infection. Reproducibility of bacteriocin typing and the relationship between serotypes (O-antigen) and bacteriocin types are discussed in regard to the application of this method to the study of nosocomial infections. 相似文献
6.
7.
When pregnant mice were fed biotin-deficient diets, cleft palate occurred more frequently in male fetuses than in female fetuses. Possible underlying mechanisms are speculated on, and some methodological problems in the analysis of sex-related differences in multiparous animals are discussed. 相似文献
8.
9.
Juvenile three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in their nursery pond had a bimodal length distribution after October in their first year of life. A sea-run migration of all individuals belonging to the lower modal group was observed, with a peak in early November. These data suggest that partial migration based on the early status of individual juveniles occurs in the Pacific Ocean form of three-spined stickleback. 相似文献
10.
N Goto 《Stain technology》1987,62(5):305-315
This paper describes a new series of staining methods which can discriminatively demonstrate every structure of the nervous system, including axons and capillaries, in animal and human materials. Methods described in this paper consist of one primary stain, luxol fast blue-periodic acid Schiff-hematoxylin (LPH) and six different subsidiary staining methods. The LPH triple stain can precisely differentiate the following structures: neurons (Nissl bodies, cytoplasm, nuclear membrane and nucleolus), various kinds of nuclei (glia, ependyma, endothelium, leucocyte, connective tissue, etc.), myelin sheaths, neuronal processes (axons and dendrites), reacted glial cell bodies (protoplasmic astrocytes, foamy cells, etc.), blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries), meninges, intervening connective tissue, erythrocytes, lipofuscin granules, amyloid bodies, and others. Subsidiary staining methods are also described briefly. Applications are discussed in the context of staining technology and neuromorphological research. 相似文献