一例家族性小头畸形

云南省禄劝县螳螂公社社员梁××,夫妇共生了9个孩子,其中4个患小头畸形,两男两女。最大的患儿为男性,21岁时因病死亡,第二个是女孩,已14岁,第三、四个分别为女孩和男孩,均在两三岁时死去。 小头畸形一般是散发性的,梁家接连出生4个患儿,实属罕见。我们对活着的女患儿进     

濒危植物永瓣藤叶片功能性状对环境因子的响应

植物叶片功能性状能够响应环境条件的变化，反应了植物对环境的适应策略。当前，针对藤本植物叶片功能性状地理格局及其环境驱动力的研究较少。以国家重点保护植物永瓣藤（Monimopetalum chinense）为研究对象，对其分布区内11个种群的15个叶片功能性状进行测量，并结合气候、土壤因子来解释叶性状变异。比较叶片性状在局域和区域尺度上的种内变异程度，利用多元逐步回归分析环境因子对叶性状的影响。结果表明，在局域尺度上，永瓣藤叶功能性状变异系数介于3.0%-22.5%，其中，叶面积变异程度最大，叶片碳含量变异最小。永瓣藤叶片形状随纬度上升而变得宽且圆。叶片磷含量相对较低，永瓣藤的生长可能受到了磷限制。土壤与气候因子是叶片性状的重要驱动因素，解释了25%-97%的叶片性状变异。在温度和水分充足的情况下，永瓣藤叶片趋向于的慢速生长的保守策略。总体来说，永瓣藤叶片功能性状通过一定的种内变异和性状组合，并与气候、土壤因子相互作用，适应当前的环境条件。     

Dosage response evaluation of luprostiol administered to pregnant sows

Two trials were completed to investigate the effects of luprostiol in swine. The first trial was to evaluate parturition induced by various dosages of luprostiol compared with those of lutalyse or vehicle. Sows were assigned by random allotment to one of the following treatments on Day 112 of gestation: Group A, control (0 mg luprostiol); Group B (1.88 mg luprostiol); Group C (3.75 mg luprostiol); Group D (7.5 mg luprostiol); Group E (15 mg luprostiol); Group F (10 mg lutalyse). All prostaglandin-treated groups farrowed earlier than the controls (P<0.05), with Groups D (26.3 h), E (31.0 h) and F (25.8 h) having the shortest treatment-to-first-pig intervals, and Groups A (76.0 h), B (54.4 h) and C (40.0 h) having the longest intervals. Luprostiol-treated sows had the shortest farrowing time (P<0.05; range = 3.2 to 3.9 h). Significant differences were found for the time (min) between births: Group A (32.1), Group B (28.4), Group F (35.5) took longer than Group C (20.2), Group D (21.0) and Group E (21.6). In a second trial, 20 crossbred pregnant sows received either vehicle or luprostiol (7.5 mg) on Day 112 of gestation. Progesterone concentrations declined rapidly (P<0.05) in luprotiol treated females but were unchanged in control females during the 24-h collection period. The results of these trials show 7.5 mg luprostiol to be the most effective dose for inducing farrowing.     

葱属粗根组5种材料的核型研究

本文分析了葱属Allium粗根组Sect．Bromatorrhiza Ekberg五群材料的核型。多星韭Allium wallichii Kunth有两个类型：第一类型是二倍体,染色体组公式为AA,核型公式为K(2n)=2X=14=2m(SAT)+2m+10sm,属2A型;第二类型是同源四倍体,染色体组公式为AAAA, 核型公式为K(2n)＝4X＝28＝2m(SAT)+6m十20sm,属2A型。宽叶韭Allium hookeri Thwaites有三个类型： 第一类型是双基数同源异源三倍体,染色体组公式为AAB1,核型公式为 K(2n)＝2X+ x'＝22＝(12sm+2t)十(1m十45m+1st+2t), 属3A型; 第二类型也是双基数同源异源三倍体,能配对的两个染色体组染色体大小和形态与第一类型大体相似,不能配对的一个染色体组染色体大小和形态与第一类型有明显区别,其中至少有两条染色体发生了罗伯逊易位,出现一条很大的染色体和一条很小的染色体,染色体组公式为AAB2,核型公式为K(2n)=2x+x'＝22=(12sm+2t)+ (3m+1sm十2st+2t),属3A型;第三类型相当于第一类型染色体的自然加倍,是双基数同源异源六倍体,染色体组公式为AAAAB1B1,核型公式为K(2n)=4X十2x'＝44＝(24sm+4t)十(2m+ 8sm十2st+4t),属3A型。     

Effect of serial intrauterine dimethyl sulfoxide infusions on the incidence of periglandular fibrosis in category II horse endometria

High concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been shown to cause gross structural changes in collagen fibers in vitro. As endometrial fibrosis is a major cause of infertility in mares, the effect of serial DMSO infusions on periglandular fibrosis of Category II endometria was investigated. Initially, six mares with Category I endometria were serially infused with DMSO to determine whether such therapy would incite fibrosis. Four mares, serially infused with saline, served as controls in each experiment. One hundred milliliters of 75% DMSO was infused initially, followed by the same volume of 25% DMSO daily for 6 d. Endometrial biopsies obtained 21 d after the last infusion displayed no significant difference in the incidence of periglandular fibrosis when compared with the Day 0 biopsies. Examination of treated uteri at necropsy showed no gross evidence of adhesions or ulcerations.     

Effects of hemorrhagic hypotension on tyrosine concentrations in rat spinal cord and plasma

Tyrosine is the precursor for catecholamine neurotransmitters. When catecholamine-containing neurons are physiologically active (as sympathoadrenal cells are in hypotension), tyrosine administration increases catecholamine synthesis and release. Since hypotension can alter plasma amino acid composition, we examined the effects of an acute hypotensive insult on tyrosine concentrations in plasma and spinal cord. Rats were cannulated and bled until the systolic blood pressure was 50 mmHg, or were kept normotensive for 1 h. Tyrosine and other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) known to compete with tyrosine for brain uptake were assayed in plasma and spinal cord. The rate at which intra-arterial [3H]tyrosine disappeared from the plasma was also estimated in hemorrhaged and control rats. In plasma of hemorrhaged animals, both the tyrosine concentration and the tyrosine/LNAA ratio was elevated; moreover, the disappearance of [3H]tyrosine was slowed. Tyrosine concentrations also increased in spinal cords of hemorrhaged-hypotensive rats when compared to normotensive controls. Changes in plasma amino acid patterns may thus influence spinal cord concentrations of amino acid precursors for neurotransmitters during the stress of hemorrhagic shock.     

Modifications of extracellular electric and ionic gradients preceding the transition from tip growth to isodiametric expansion in the apical cell of the fern gametophyte

Fern (Onoclea sensibilis L.) gametophytes exposed to blue light are induced to undergo a morphological transition from a tip-growing filament to a planar prothallus. Extracellular measurements of electric currents and localized ion activities around the apical cell of 8 to 10 day-old gametophytes were made with a vibrating probe and ion selective electrodes. In darkness, we observed exit current densities of an average of 75 nanoamperes per square centimeter near the tip and 2 to 15 nanoamperes per square centimeter along the lateral walls of this cell. Measurements with ion selective electrodes for H⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ showed that this cell was bounded by a thin layer of medium that was depleted in K⁺ and Ca²⁺ and exhibited a lower pH than the bulk solution. Both the K⁺ and Ca²⁺ depletion zones and the zone of higher acidity were particularly pronounced at the tip end of the cell; the pH at 2 micrometers from the tip was nearly 0.5 units more acid than the bulk medium at pH 6. Disruption of steady state, external gradients with media that contained lower concentrations of H⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, or Cl⁻ produced certain differences in the rates of restoration of particular ion zones, raising the possibility that some of the ion migrations are interdependent. Within 15 minutes after irradiation with blue light, current leaving the tip declined to levels which were indistinguishable from those leaving the lateral walls and there was a rapid lowering in the rates of tip acidification and K⁺ depletion near the tip. The rapid dissipation of both the longitudinally aligned electrical field and the tip-localized asymmetries in external cation distribution in blue light suggest that loss of electrical polarity in this tip growing cell may be an initial step in the chain of events which govern changes in cell shape.     

银缕梅属——中国金缕梅科一新属

在研究中国稀有濒危植物过程中,通过三年观察,作者发现小叶金缕梅绝无花瓣,无疑应从金缕梅族中分出,其形态特征又明显与无花瓣的蚊母树族和弗特吉族各属有差别,故成立新属——银缕梅属。