中国伞形科两新种

本文记载了产于我国云南的亮蛇床属植物新种长萼亮蛇床和四川前胡属新种木里前胡。     

厚壳贻贝两种新型防御素的分子鉴定

贻贝是全球范围内具有重要经济价值和生态价值的双壳贝类。贻贝抗菌肽具有极强的分子多样性,也是当前抗菌肽研究的重要对象。防御素是贻贝抗菌肽的重要成员, 从厚壳贻贝中鉴定到2种新型防御素, 但其分子特性和免疫机制尚不清楚。为此, 对厚壳贻贝体内新发现的2种防御素开展研究。序列分析结果表明,2种新型防御素均具有节肢动物防御素结构特征,因而被命名为arthropod like defensin (ALD)。利用荧光定量PCR研究了2种防御素在贻贝不同组织及不同发育阶段的表达量差异。进一步分析了2种防御素在3种不同微生物诱导下的表达量时间曲线。利用固相化学合成技术对2种防御素的成熟肽区进行合成并开展了功能验证。研究结果表明, 2种ALD 主要表达部位在外套膜和消化腺, 且ALD-1具有雄性特异表达特征。此外, ALD-1和ALD-2在贻贝幼虫阶段均未表达; 在不同微生物刺激下, 2种ALD表现出不同的免疫反应模式, 显示出2种防御素具有不同的免疫调节机制。化学合成的2种ALD均具有抑菌活性, 其对不同微生物的抑制率在20%~80%之间。上述研究为深入了解贻贝免疫防御的分子机制,以及贻贝抗菌肽的免疫功能和后续的分子资源开发奠定了基础。     

Cyclorhiza and Chuanminshen—Two newly proposed genera in Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)

Cyclorhiza, a new genus based upon Ligusticum waltonii Wolff, is here proposed. From the ample materials now in our herbarium, we found that the genus differs from the species of Ligusticum. As the result of our study, the systematic position of this new genus should be considered as a member of the tribe Smyrnieae Koch. Chuanminshen, another new monotypic genus, is here also proposed. It was often considered as not different from Changium Wolff, but it is a cleary deliminated natural genus being quite remote from Changium Wolff. This new genus is quite reasonably to be placed in the tribePeucedaneae.     

Pollen morphology of 8 genera of Chinese Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)

This paper deals with the studies of pollen morphology of 8 genera including 22 species and 1 variety of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). They have been investigated under both the light microscope and the SEM. These genera can be distinguished by their pollen characters. The observed data listing in the following table reveal that they can be distinguished according to shape of pollen, form of pores, sculpture of exine and size of grains etc. 1. Shape of pollen grains (1) subrhomboidal type: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan, Changium Wolff, Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shan (2) oval type: Seseli L. (3) subrectangular type a. thickened at the equator and rugulose: Peuecdanum L. b. constricted at the equator and rugulose: Ligusticum L. e. constricted at the equator and rugulose, thickened at both polar zones: Vicatia DC. (4) equatorially-constricted type, rugulose at the equator, thickened at both polar zones: Ferula L. 2. Form of aperture (1) rectangular protrude type: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan, Ferula L., Changium Wolff (2) circular type: Ligusticum L. (3) elliptic type: Peucedanum L., Vicatia DC., Seseli L. 3. Sculpture of exine (1) reticulate: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shah (2) pitted-reticulate: Changium Wolff (3) striate-reticulate: Ferula L., Peucedanum L., Ligusticum L., Seseli L., Vicatia DC. (4) cerebro-reticulate: Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shan Basing upon the above pollen characters, the genera Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shah and Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan are briefly discussed. They are two clearly delimitatednatural genera.     

中国伞形科特有属的核型演化及地理分布

首次报道了我国伞形科１０个特有属９种１变种１４个居群的核型,染色体基数分别为ｎ＝６,８,１０和１１,核型类型有２Ａ,３Ａ和４Ａ三种类型。根据各属的核型演化水平并结合其花粉形态,初步确定东俄芹属（Ｔｏｎｇｏｌｏａ）、环根芹属（Ｃｙｃｌｏｒｈｉｚａ）、明党参属（Ｃｈａｎｇｉｕｍ）和川明参属（Ｃｈｕａｍｉｎｓｈｅｎ）是古特有属,其余各属则处于中等或较高的演化水平上。同时初步讨论了各特有属在伞形科分类系统中的核型演化关系并比较了各主要分布区之间核型的演化水平,发现横断山地区不仅特有属数目高,染色体基数变化大,且集中了核型较为原始和演化程度很高的类群,极可能是伞形科特有属的起源和分化中心。     

Nomenclatural novelties in the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

The revision of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) for the Flora of China has demonstrated the need to formally publish the following 12 nomenclatural novelties: Acronema minus (M. F. Watson) M. F. Watson & Z. H. Pan, A. brevipedicellatum Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, Angelica sinensis var. wilsonii (H. Wolff) Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, Harrysmithia franchetii (M. Hiroe) M. L. Sheh, Heracleum candicans var. obtusifolium (Wall. ex DC.) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, Hydrocotyle hookeri ssp. chinensis (Dunn ex R. H. Shan & S. L. Liou) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, H. hookeri ssp. handelii (H. Wolff) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, Libanotis grubovii (V. M. Vinogradova) M. L. Sheh & M. F. Watson, Ligusticum likiangense (H. Wolff) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, L. nematophyllum (Pimenov & Kljuykov) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, L. nullivittatum (K. T. Fu) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, Pleurospermum bicolor (Franch.) C. Norman ex Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson. In addition, a lectotype is designated for P. govanianum (DC.) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke var. bicolor Franch. (P. bicolor).     

Pollen Morphology of Hydrocotyloideae and Saniculoideae (Apiaceae) in China

Pollen grains of 30 species and 2 varieties from China, belonging to 5 genera (out of 36 species in 5 genera) of Hydrocotyloideae and Saniculoideae, were examined with light microscope and scanning electron microscope. 1.Six types of the pollen shape are recognized in Hydrocotyloideae and Saniculoideae from China, and their evolutionary trend is from rhomboidal→subspheroidal→ellipsoidal→subrectangular→superrectangular to equatorially-constricted. 2.Pollen grains of Hydrocotyloideae are mostly ellipsoidal with P / E ratio 1.07-1.6, the polar axis 22.5-46μm long, the equatorial axis 13.75-27.5μm long, and with the size index 21.1-31.8.They are angulapeturate in the great majority, and the exine sculpture is recticulate under SEM. Those of Saniculoideae are mostly superrectangular or rectangular, with P/E ratio 1.3-2.1, the polar axis 35-65μm long, the equatorial axis 17.5-42.5μm long, and with the size index 28.2-49.7. They are planaperturate in the great majority and the exine sculpture is striate-reticulate or cerebro-reticulate under SEM. Therefore, the latter might be more advanced than the former. 3.Pollen grains of Dickinsia Franch., endemic to China, are ellipsoidal,with P/E ratio 1.5,the polar axis 31.25-37.5μm long, the equatorial axis 20-25μm, and with the size index 27.81. They are angulaperturate, and the exine sculpture is cerebroid-reticulate under SEM. The genus is greatly similar to the members of Hydrocotyloideae in pollen morphology, which supports the treatment of the genus asa member of Hydrocotyloideae by Handel-Mazzetti (1933).     

A Study on Karyotypes of Eight Species and Geographical Distribution of Angelica (Umbelliferae) in Sichuan

Nearly 32 species of Angelica occur in China, taking up one third of total species number of the genus in the world, with 12 species in Sichuan. In the present paper karyotypes of 8 species from Sichuan are first reported with x = 11. The parameters of chromosomes of 8 species are given in Table 1 and the karyotypes are shown in Plate 1, 2. The karyotype formulae are as follows: A. valida Diels K(2n) =22=20m+2sm (Wulong Xian, alt. 1900m); A. dielsii Boiss. K(2n) =22= 18m+2sm^sat+2sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 3000m); A. laxifoliata Diels has 2 kinds of karyotypes in 3 populations: K(2n) =22= 18m+4sm (Hanyuan Xian, alt. 1900m) and K(2n) =22= 16m+6sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 2500m and Baoji in Shaanxi, alt. = 1500m); A. setchuensis Diels K (2n) = 22 = 16m+2sm^sat+4sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 2800m); A. maowenensis Yuan et Shan K(2n) =22= 16m+ 6sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 2800); A. chinghaiensis Shan ex K.T.Fu K (2n) = 4x= 44 = 36m+8sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 3500m); A. Sinensis (Oliv.)Diels K(2n) =22= 14M+8sm (Songpan Xian, alt. 2900m); A. omeiensis Yuan et Shan K (2n) = 22 = 10m+2sm+ 10st (Mt. Omei, alt. 2100m). The karyotypes of A. valida and 2 populations of A. laxifoliata belong to “1A” and those of one population of A. laxifoliata and the rest 6 species “2A”. By analysing the correlation between the karyotypic symmetry and vertical distribution of A. laxifoliata and A. chinghaiensis, it is considered that as altitude rises, the karyotypic asymmetry and ploidy increases. Comparing with the karyotypes of other species distributed in Northeastern China and Japan previously reported, the karyotype of A. valida with oblong-ovoid fruits and 1-2-pinnate leaves is most primitive and that of A. omeiensis with nearly rounded fruits and 3-ternate-pinnate leaves is most advanced in Angelica. Based on the fact that many species including the most primitive and the most advanced species are concentrated in Sichuan, it may be suggested that the center of origin and diversity of Angelica be inSichuan characterized.