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1.
A new species of copepod belonging to the family Aetideidae,Bradyidius slyliformis sp. nov. is described and figured. Therelationship of this species to the other 12 members of thegenus is discussed. 1Present address: 121 Jalan Athinahapan Dua, Taman Tun Dr Ismail,60000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia  相似文献   
2.
Influx of Ca2+ into cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was measured under non-steady-state conditions, which enable measurements of the initial rate of transport across plasma membranes without interference by the vacuolar Ca2+ transport system. Removal of glucose from the incubation medium led to inactivation of Ca2+ influx within 5 min. Readdition of glucose led to a transient increase in the rate of Ca2+ transport, reaching a peak after 3-5 min. A second increase was observed 60-80 min later. To examine whether the first transient activation of Ca2+ influx by glucose was mediated by membrane hyperpolarization, influx of 45Ca2+ was measured in the presence and absence of metabolic substrates (glucose, glycerol, and glucose plus antimycin A) in cells hyperpolarized to different values of membrane potential (delta psi). Logarithms of the rate of Ca2+ influx were plotted against values of delta psi. Two different slopes were obtained, depending upon whether the metabolic substrate was present or absent. Ca2+ influx in the presence of the metabolic substrates was always higher than expected by their effect on delta psi. Glycerol plus antimycin A did not affect Ca2+ influx. It was concluded that metabolized substrates activate Ca2+ influx not only by effects on delta psi but also by additional mechanism(s). Since no simple correlation between Ca2+ influx and intracellular ATP levels was observed, it was concluded that ATP levels do not affect the initial rates of Ca2+ transport across the plasma membrane of S. cerevisiae.  相似文献   
3.
Influx of 45Ca2+ into Saccharomyces cerevisiae was measured under experimental conditions which enabled measurements of initial rate of transport across the plasma membrane, without interference by the vacuolar Ca2+ transport system. Addition of glucose or glycerol to the cells, after pre-incubation in glucose-free medium for 5 min, caused a rapid, transient increase in 45Ca2+ influx, reaching a peak at 3-5 min after addition of substrate. Ethanol, or glycerol added with antimycin A, had no effect on 45Ca2+ influx. We have shown previously that this increase is not mediated by an effect of the substrates on intracellular ATP levels. Changes in membrane potential accounted for only a part of the glucose-stimulated 45Ca2+ influx. The roles of intracellular acidification and changes in cellular cAMP in mediating the effects of glucose on 45Ca2+ influx were examined. After a short preincubation in glucose-free medium addition of glucose caused a decrease in the intracellular pH, [pH]i, which reached a minimum value after 3 min. A transient increase in the cellular cAMP level was also observed. Addition of glycerol also caused intracellular acidification, but ethanol or glycerol added with antimycin A had no effect on [pH]i. Artificial intracellular acidification induced by exposure to isobutyric acid or to CCCP caused a transient rise in Ca2+ influx but the extent of the increase was smaller than that caused by glucose, and the time-course was different. We conclude that intracellular acidification may be responsible for part of the glucose stimulation of Ca2+ influx.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   
4.
Plasma zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured in 4376 indigent women (86% African-American), at a mean (±SD) gestational age of 15 (±7.8) wk to determine the relationship between various maternal characteristics and plasma Zn levels during pregnancy. Mean plasma Zn levels were lower in African-American women than in Caucasian women, in multiparous women than in primiparous women, and in women with body weight >69.9 kg than in those with body weight ≤69.9 kg (p≤0.001 for each comparison). There were no significant differences related to maternal age, marital status, education, or smoking habit. Multiple regression analysis, including maternal prepregnancy weight, race, age, parity, smoking habit, education, and marital status indicated that race, parity, and pregnancy weight were significantly associated with maternal plasma Zn levels, adjusted for gestational age. Maternal race was the best predictor of plasma Zn concentrations among the population of pregnant women studied A significant proportion of variance in maternal plasma Zn levels remained unexplained after taking into account various maternal characteristics. The reasons for lower plasma Zn levels in African-American women, compared to Caucasian women, during pregnancy are unknown.  相似文献   
5.
Successful manual synthesis of the TD2.2 peptide acting as a blood–brain barrier shuttle was achieved. TD2.2 was successfully synthesised by sequential condensation of four protected peptide fragments on solid-phase settings, after several unsuccessful attempts using the stepwise approach. These fragments were chosen to minimise the number of demanding amino acids (in terms of coupling, Fmoc removal) in each fragment that are expected to hamper the overall synthetic process. Thus, the hydrophobic amino acids as well as Arg(Pbf) were strategically spread over multiple fragments rather than having them congested in one fragment. This study shows how a peptide that shows big challenges in the synthesis using the common stepwise elongation methodology can be synthesised with an acceptable purity. It also emphasises that choosing the right fragment with certain amino acid constituents is key for a successful synthesis. It is worth highlighting that lower amounts of reagents were required to synthesise the final peptide with an identical purity to that obtained by the automatic synthesiser.  相似文献   
6.
In Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabr.), the changes in the volume of the corpora allata (CA), in the concentration of juvenile hormone III (JH III) in the hemolymph, and in protein content in the terminal (t) oocytes were studied during the first gonadotropic cycle. These parameters could be better related to the volume of t-oocytes than to age after emergence. The JH III titer curve was maximum (2.9 pmol/10 μl) at an oocyte volume of 1.2 mm3. Before oviposition (days 10–16) the JH III titer decreased to 0.65 pmol/10 μl hemolyph. The increase in JH III titer reflected a period of high protein storage in the t-oocytes. The largest volume of the CA was reached at the beginning of yolk storage in the t-oocytes. The highest JH III titer did not correspond with the largest volume of CA, which occurred much earlier. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   
7.
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Antibiotic growth promoters have been utilized for long time at subtherapeutic levels as feed supplements in monogastric animal rations. Because of their...  相似文献   
8.
The effects of 4 or 8 drought cycles on four grass species,Cenchrus pennisetiformis, Leptochloa fusca, Panicum turgidum, andPennisetum divisum were assessed in a pot experiment. There were significant differences between the species in biomass production under water stress.C. pennisetiformis andP. turgidum produced significantly greater fresh and dry matter thanP. divisum and especially thanL. fusca. L. fusca had the lowest andP. divisum highest osmotic potentials compared with the other species after the completion of 4 or 8 drought cycles. Osmotic adjustment (difference between osmotic potential of droughted/rehydrated plants and control plants) was highest inL. fusca. The stomatal conductance was significantly decreased with increased drought stress inC. pennisetiformis. The elasticity ofC. pennisetiformis, P. turgidum andP. divisum increased with increase in number of drought cycles, whereas that ofL. fusca remained unchanged.L. fusca andP. turgidum had the lowest leaf hydration of all species after 8 drought cycles. The chlorophyllsa andb in all species remained unaffected by drought treatments. The proline content ofC. pennisetiformis andL. fusca increased significantly with increased drought stress, whereas that ofP. turgidum remained unaffected after 4 or 8 drought cycles.L. fusca synthesized great amount of leaf soluble proteins during 8 drought cycles, whereasP. divisum had low protein content after 4 drought cycles. The protein contents ofC. pennisetiformis andP. turgidum remained unaffected after 8 drought cycles. The leaf epicuticular wax ofL. fusca increased consistently with increased drought stress, but leaf wax ofP. divisum increased only at the highest drought stress and that ofC. pennisetiformis andP. turgidum increased after 4 drought cycles. On the basis of these results it was established thatC. pennisetiformis andP. turgidum were the most tolerant,P. divisum intermediate, andL. fusca the most sensitive to drought stress. The osmotic adjustment did not positively correlate with the degree of drought resistance.  相似文献   
9.
Both sexes of a form previously recorded from Australian watersare described, and the species is named after its original discoverer.Features of the new species and of related species from thesuper-species detruncata, are tabulated and discussed.  相似文献   
10.
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