Reactivity of a Monoclonal Antibody Raised against Human Leukemic Cells to Embryonic and Adult Tissues of the Mouse and Teratocarcinomas

C-9-1, a monoclonal IgM antibody raised against human null cell acute lymphocytic leukemia cells reacted with restricted regions of embryonic and adult tissues of the mouse. The antigen positive sites in the embryos included embryonic ectoderm, visceral endoderm, trophoblastic cells invading the maternal decidua of 5∼7-day embryos, primordial germ cells of 10∼12-day embryos, epithelium of nasal chamber, the bronchus, Mullerian duct, epididymis and bladder of 12∼17-day embryos. In the adult mice, C-9-1 antigen was detected in renal tubules, a part of stomach, bladder, endometrium and epididymal sperm. Embryonal carcinoma cells, but not endodermal cells of teratocarcinoma expressed the antigen. Thus, C-9-1 antigen showed distribution similar to SSEA-1. However, C-9-1 antigen was not detected in preimplantation embryos, nor in oviduct, both of which are positive for SSEA-1.     

Effect of antibiotics on biogenesis of mitochondria during aging of sliced sweet potato root tissue

The number of mitochondrial particles, and the activities ofperoxidase and cytochrome oxidase increased during aging ofsliced sweet potato root tissue. Blasticidin S inhibited allthese processes, indicating the occurrence of de now synthesisof protein. Chloramphenicol suppressed the synthesis of cytochromeoxidase and the reproduction of mitochondria but did not suppressperoxidase synthesis. Cylcoheximide suppressed peroxidase synthesisleaving the activities of cytochrome oxidase synthesis and mitochondrialreproduction unimpaired. A differentiation of ribosomal andmitochondrial protein syntheses is suggested. Mitomycin G and5-iododeoxyuridine inhibited the reproduction of mitochondriabut not the synthesis of enzymes. ¹This paper constitutes Part 76 of the Phytopathological Chemistryof Sweet Potato with Black Rot. (Received January 4, 1969; )     

EFFECT OF PLASTOCYANIN ON PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION IN ISOLATED CHLOROPLASTS

The effect of addition of plastocyanin on photophosphorylationin isolated chloroplasts was studied in comparison with itseffect on photoreduction. Catalytic amounts of added plastocyaninstimulated the HILL reaction with NADP as oxidant, but the photophosphorylationcoupled to this reaction was not influenced by the additionof plastocyanin. The addition of NH₄+ or the complete phosphorylatingsystem did not affect the plastocyanin-induced increase in rateof the photoreduction. The rate of photoreduction of NADP, FMN,or indigo carmine in the presence of DPIP and ascorbate wasmuch accelerated by added plastocyanin, but these reactionswere not coupled to ATP formation. As reported earlier, isolated chloroplasts can utilize plastocyaninas oxidant in the HILL reaction. This reaction was found tobe accompanied by ATP formation, but the efficiency in thiscase was somewhat lower than in photophosphorylation coupledto the HILL reaction with the usual oxidants. The possible mechanism of these reactions is described brieflyand a scheme for reactions of plastocyanin in the electron transferin chloroplasts is presented. (Received July 20, 1965; )     

MODE OF NUCLEAR DIVISION IN SYNCHRONOUS CULTURES OF CHLORELLA: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS OF SYNCHRONIZATION

1. Chlorella ellipsoidea was grown synchronously using variouspossible techniques and the mode of nuclear division in eachcase was followed by staining the nuclei according to FEULGEN.
2. A satisfactory synchrony in respect to nuclear and cellulardivision was obtained by starting the culture from a homogeneouspopulation of young and small cells and by discontinuing theillumination at the stage which was called the L₃-stage. Thestarting young cells were invariably mononuclear and the L₃-cellswere either dinuclear or tetranuclear. When the L₃ were incubatedin the dark, they ripened further, and after passing througha tetranuclear stage (referred to as the L₄) divided into fourmononuclear daughter cells which have been called the D_n-cells.The most clear-cut and repetitive synchronous culture was obtainedwhen the culture (in the light) was started from the D_n-cellsand the illumination was discontinued at the L₃-stage untilthe fully ripened cells divided into four each of D_n-cells.
3. An apparently "synchronous" culture was also obtained by themethod of programmed light-and-dark regimen, in which a randomculture is subjected to a regular alternation of light and darkperiods of adequate durations. In this case, however, the cellsat different stages of culture showed irregular nuclear patterns,and the average "division number" of mother cells was not constant,being subject to change between 4.0 and 4.9.

(Received May 25, 1961; )     

The ontogeny of the platycopid Keijcyoidea infralittoralis (Ostracoda: Podocopa)

Platycopid ostracods such as the genus Keijcyoidea Malz, 1981 (Family Cytherellidae) have a unique body plan and are regarded as a phylogenetically ancient lineage. Their ontogeny, which is important in considering phylogenetical relationships, is very poorly known except for the growth of the carapace; there are nine instars including the adult, as in other podocopan groups. All appendages in all immature instars (A-8 to A-1) of Keijcyoidea infralittoralis Tsukagoshi, Okada & Horne, 2006 are described and illustrated here. The anlagen of the copulatory organs and the sexual dimorphism of carapace size appear in the sixth (A-3) instar, whereas sexual dimorphism in both the fifth and the sixth limbs, a distinctive feature of adults, is not clearly evident until the eighth (A-1) instar. Appendages are added at the moults between the second (A-7) and third (A-6), and between the fifth (A-4) and sixth (A-3) instars. The seventh limb, which platycopid ostracods have lost in the adult stage, is observed as an anlage in the sixth (A-3) and seventh (A-2) instars. During the other moults, there are no significant changes to the body plan. The ontogeny of the Platycopida is compared with that of the Podocopida, and strongly suggests that the phylogenetic position of the Platycopida is as an end-member of the Podocopa. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 153 , 213–237.     

CHANGES IN RESTING POTENTIAL AND ION ABSORPTION INDUCED BY LIGHT IN A SINGLE PLANT CELL

1. Effect of light on ion absorption and resting potential of theinternodal cell of Nitella flexilis was investigated under variousconditions.
2. On illumination, the resting potential increasedby about 30mVin 10^–4 M KCl and by about 60 mV in 10^–4M NaClsolution. A similar photoelectric response was also observedin 10^–3 M KCl, 10^–2 M CaCl₂ and 5 x 10^–2 MCaCl₂ solutions, but not at all in 10^–2 M KCl solution.
3. Absorption of ions by the cell took place in parallel withthelight-induced change in resting potential.
4. Red and bluelights were very effective in increasing the restingpotential,while green light was almost ineffective. These differenteffectsof color lights were in good agreement with their effectsinincreasing the osmotic value of the cell.
5. The photoelectricresponse was not affected by phenylurethane,which, on the otherhand, strongly inhibited the light-inducedion absorption.
6. Theuptake of ions by the cell from the external medium intothevacuole is assumed to proceed in two different steps: thefirstis the process involving the ion movements across theoutermostplasmalemma, and the second is that involved in thetransportof ions through the cytoplasmic layer and tonoplast.The formerprocess is considered to be influenced by the increasein restingpotential probably caused by the light absorbed bychlorophyll.The process was, however, suggested to be independentof photosynthesis.On the other hand, the latter process issupposed to be relatedto photosynthesis. A discussion was madealong this line.

(Received July 26, 1962; )     

Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on metabolic changes in potato tubers in response to cutting

Potato tubers were subjected to cobalt-60 gamma-ray irradiationand stored at room temperature for from 10 days to 4 months.Effects of this irradiation on metabolic changes in potato tubersin response to cutting were investigated. The quantities ofpolyphenols, such as chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid,in the tissue increased as compared with the non-irradiatedsample. Although the polyphenol content and activities of o-diphenoloxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonialyase increasedafter cutting, increases were lower in the irradiated sample.On the other hand, in the dose range between 5,000 and 12,400rad, the irradiated sample showed a larger defense action againstinfection by the black rot fungus, Ceratocystis fimbriata thandid the non-irradiated sample. (Received April 16, 1968; )     

Cell Cycle-associated Changes of Guanylate Cyclase Activity in Synchronized Tetrahymena: a Possible Involvement of Calmodulin in its Regulation1

Guanylate cyclase activity decreased during the division phase of heat-shock synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain GL. However, when Ca²⁺ was removed by EGTA to negate the effects of the Ca²⁺-binding protein (calmodulin), which is required for the full activity of guanylate cyclase in this organism, no significant change in the enzymatic activity was observed throughout the cell cycle. On the other hand, the reduced guanylate cyclase activity at division phase was associated with a decreased level of calmodulin content. These results suggest that fluctuations in guanylate cyclase activity during the cell cycle would be dependent on the concentration of calmodulin.     

DIE MITWIRKUNG VON IONEN BEI DER OSMOREGULATION DER NITELLAZELLE

1. Die nach dem Verfahren von KAMIYA U. KURODA (1) hergestelltenZellh?lften aus Internodialzellen von Nitella flexilis und Nitellaaxilliformis wurden auf den Zusammenhang ihrer osmoregulatorischenT?tigkeit mit dem Ionenaustausch zwischen Zelle und Aussenmediumhin untersucht.
2. Zellh?lften (L-Zellen), deren osmotischerWert (o. W.) unterdem unbehandelter "Normal-Zellen" liegt,nehmen aus reinen KC1–oderNaCl– L?sungen K–bzw. Na-Ionen auf und erh?henihren o. W.
3. Licht und hohe Salzkonzentrationder Aussenl?sung beschleunigenbeide Vorg?nge bei L-Zellen betr?chtlich.
4. Zellh?lften (H-Zellen), deren o. W. ?ber dem Normalwert liegt,scheiden bei Kultur in reinen KC1– oder NaCl-L?sungenK–und meist auch Na-Ionen aus und erniedrigen ihren o.W.
5. Licht unterdr?ckt bei H-Zellen besonders stark die K-Ausscheidungund in wechselndem Mass auch die Erniedrigung des o. W.
6. DieNatur der Osmoregulation und die m?gliche Rolle des Protoplasmasbei der Osmoregulation werden diskutiert.