Prevalence of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in China: A Community-Based,Cross-Sectional Study

International hospital-based studies have indicated a high risk of cognitive impairment after stroke, evidence from community-based studies in China is scarce. To determine the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and its subtypes in stroke survivors residing in selected rural and urban Chinese communities, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in 599 patients accounting for 48% of all stroke survivors registered in the 4 communities, who had suffered confirmed strokes and had undergone cognitive assessments via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Hachinski Ischemia Scale (HIS). Detection of PSCI was based on scores in these neuropsychological scales. Factors potentially impacting on occurrence of PSCI were explored by comparing demographic characteristics, stroke features, and cardiovascular risk factors between patients with and without PSCI. The overall prevalence of PSCI was 80.97% (95%CI: 77.82%-84.11%), while that of non-dementia PSCI (PSCI-ND) and post-stroke vascular dementia (PSD) was 48.91% (95%CI: 44.91%-52.92%) and 32.05% (95%CI: 28.32%-35.79%), respectively. Prior stroke and complications during the acute phase were independent risk factors for PSCI. The risk of recurrent stroke survivors having PSCI was 2.7 times higher than for first-episode survivors, and it was 3 times higher for those with complications during the acute phase than for those without. The higher prevalence of PSCI in this study compared with previous Chinese studies was possibly due to the combined effects of including rural stroke survivors, a longer period from stroke onset, and different assessment methods. There is an urgent need to recognize and prevent PSCI in stroke patients, especially those with recurrent stroke and complications during the acute phase.     

Mediator structure and conformation change

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白腹锦鸡,红腹锦鸡,中国雉鸡SC组型的比较研究

以微铺展—硝酸银染色技术制备三种鸡的SC标本,进行电镜观察。结果表明:三种鸡的SC组非常相似,即2n=82,ZZ/ZW型性别决定,雄性为ZZ。除1号SC和Z-SC为中着丝粒外,其余均为端着丝粒。Z-SC的相对长度有明显的细胞间差异;平均相对长度度介于第3和第4号SC之间。三者SC组型上的差异主要表现在相应SC长度上的不同。并对其亲缘关系及在鸟类进化中的可能地位进行了讨论。此外,在微铺展法制备的锦鸡精母细胞SC标本中还发现了巨大中心粒,这在高等动物尚属首次。     

Comparative analysis of glycoprotein and glycolipid composition of virulent and avirulent strain membranes ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniae

The glycoproteins and glycolipids from membranes of virulent strain Z and avirulent strain M ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniae have been compared. The proteins and the glycoproteins were identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and concanavalin A-biotin labeling, respectively. The membrane preparation contained approximately 34 protein bands with molecular weights between 20 KD and 100 KD. The concanavalin A-biotin system reacted with a glycoprotein of a molecular weight of approximately 28,000 from avirulent strain M and did not react with the correspondent band from virulent strain Z. The membrane glycolipids of both strains consisted of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and the percentages of 160, 180, and 181 fatty acids comprised more than 80% of the total fatty acids of membrane glycolipids. The 180 fatty acid of MGDG in avirulent strain M was twofold higher than that of virulent strain Z.     

Application of automated DNA sizing technology for genotyping microsatellite loci.

Highly polymorphic microsatellite loci offer great promise for gene mapping studies, but fulfillment of this potential will require substantial improvements in methods for accurate and efficient genotyping. Here, we report a genotyping method based on fluorescently labeled PCR primers and size characterization of PCR products using an automated DNA fragment analyzer. We capitalize on the availability of three distinct fluorescent dyes to label uniquely loci that overlap in size, and this innovation increases by threefold the number of loci that can be analyzed simultaneously. We label size standards with a fourth dye and combine these with the microsatellite PCR products in each gel lane. Computer programs provide very rapid and accurate sizing of microsatellite alleles and efficient data management. In addition, fluorescence signals are linear over a much greater range of intensity than conventional autoradiography. This facilitates multiplexing of loci (since signal intensities often vary greatly) and helps distinguish major peaks from artifacts, thereby improving genotyping accuracy.     

湖泊和地下水中异养细菌群落结构和生理特征的比较研究

对武汉东湖三个定点观测站和潜江市一深水机井中异养细菌群落的种群组成、对不同基质的反应、菌株和群落的生理特征和活力水平等方面比较研究结果表明:环境差异较小的东湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ站异养细菌群落间的差异亦较小,具有类似的结构特征和生理活力水平,对特定基质表现了相似的作用模式;地下水中的异养细菌群落在上述几方面均显示了明显的差别。此外,在异养细菌群落结构和功能研究方法上亦是有益的探讨。     

微波辐射对小鼠脑内乙酰胆碱含量及胆碱乙酸转移酶活性的影响

用频率为2450MHz功率密度为10mW/Cm~2(WBASAR约11.4W/kg)的微波(连续波)对置于微波暗室内的昆明种雄性小鼠急性全身照射1小时后,立即按常规方法断头,取脑,制成样品,然后用放射免疫测定法测量小鼠脑内乙酰胆碱(ACh)含量及胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)活性。结果表明:照射组的ACh含量为11.6±1.4pmol/mg(脑鲜重),ChAT活性为45.4±8.7pmolACh/min.mg(脑鲜重);而对照组的分别为16.0±2.1pmol/mg和61.0±13.8pmolACh/min.mg。证明微波照射后可引起动物脑内ACh水平和ChAT活性下降,提示微波辐射对中枢胆碱能系统确有不利影响。     

Binding inhibition by monoclonal antibodies of ovine placental lactogen to growth hormone receptors in human liver

In the radioreceptor assay for growth hormone (RRA-GH) using [125I]iodo-hGH, hGH and human liver membrane particulate fractions as tracer, hormone standard and receptors, respectively, ovine placental lactogen (oPL) is capable of inhibiting the binding of [125I]iodo-hGH in a parallel manner with hGH and in equipotency. Similarly, in the RRA-GH by employing [125I]iodo-oPL, oPL and human liver membrane particulate fractions as tracer, hormone standard and receptors, respectively, hGH is also equipotent as oPL in inhibiting the binding of [125I]iodo-oPL in a parallel fashion. The addition of monoclonal antibodies against oPL in the assay was effective in inhibiting the binding of [125I] iodo-oPL to human liver, but could not, however, inhibit the binding of [125I]iodo-hGH to human liver. Furthermore, the addition of the monoclonal antibodies in the RRA-GH did not affect the parallelism of the oPL standard but lowered the total binding of oPL. Our studies indicate that the structure of the binding sequence in oPL which binds to the GH receptor of human liver is not identical to the equivalent sequence of hGH and that the monoclonal antibodies compete with GH receptors in human liver for the binding of oPL.