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Approaches to breeding for salinity tolerance - a case study on Porteresia coarctata 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R LATHA C SRINIVAS RAO H M SR SUBRAMANIAM P EGANATHAN M S SWAMINATHAN 《The Annals of applied biology》2004,144(2):177-184
Cereals are the world's major source of food for human nutrition. Among these, rice (Oryza sativa) is the most prominent and represents the staple diet for more than two-fifths (2.4 billion) of the world's population, making it the most important food crop of the developing world (Anon., 2000a). Rice production in vast stretches of coastal areas is hampered due to high soil salinity. This is because rice is a glycophyte and it does not grow well under saline conditions. In order to increase rice production in these areas there is a need to develop rice varieties suited to saline environments. Research has shown that Porteresia coarctata, a highly salt tolerant wild relative of rice growing in estuarine soils, is an important material for transferring salt tolerant characteristics to rice. It is quite possible that Porteresia may be used as a parent for evolving better and truly salt resistant varieties. The inadequate results and the difficulties associated with conventional breeding techniques necessitate the use of the tools of crop biotechnology in unravelling some of the characteristics of Porteresia that have been highlighted in this report. In view of the limited resources available for increasing salinity tolerance to the breeders to wild rice germplasm, Porteresia is undoubtedly one of the key source species for elevating salinity tolerance in cultivated rice. 相似文献
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Md Dilshad Manzar Mohammad Muntafa Rajput Wassilatul Zannat Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal Ahmed S. BaHammam M. Ejaz Hussain 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Purpose
To study spontaneous K-complex (KC) densities during slow-wave sleep. The secondary objective was to estimate intra-non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep differences in KC density.Materials and Methods
It is a retrospective study using EEG data included in polysomnographic records from the archive at the sleep research laboratory of the Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, India. The EEG records of 4459 minutes were used. The study presents a manual identification investigation of KCs in 17 healthy young adult male volunteers (age = 23.82±3.40 years and BMI = 23.42±4.18 kg/m2).Results
N3 had a higher KC density than N2 (Z = -2.485, p = 0.013) for all of the probes taken together. Four EEG probes had a higher probe-specific KC density during N3. The inter-probe KC density differed significantly during N2 (χ2 = 67.91, p < .001), N3 (χ2 = 70.62, p < .001) and NREM (χ2 = 68.50, p < .001). The percent distribution of KC decreased uniformly with sleep cycles.Conclusion
The inter-probe differences during N3 establish the fronto-central dominance of the KC density regardless of sleep stage. This finding supports one local theory of KC generation. The significantly higher KC density during N3 may imply that the neuro-anatomical origin of slow-wave activity and KC is the same. This temporal alignment with slow-wave activity supports the sleep-promoting function of the KC. 相似文献4.
Md. Dilshad Manzar Wassilatul Zannat Jamal Ali Moiz David Warren Spence Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal Ahmed S. Bahammam 《Biological Rhythm Research》2016,47(6):851-864
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a rigorously validated questionnaire with extensive use in sleep assessment. Findings from numerous factor analytic studies of the PSQI have been interpreted to support a heterogeneous factor structure model for the test. Nevertheless, the literature continues to lack a focused evaluation of whether this heterogeneous factor structure is justified. A consideration of this issue led to a conclusion that a closer analysis of the PSQI’s factor structure was merited. To address this need a comparative confirmatory factor analysis for assessing the performance of the accepted factors models of the PSQI was conducted. A sample of university students (n = 418), age = 20.92 ± 1.81 years, BMI = 23.30 ± 2.57 kg/m2 completed the multi-structured sleep survey at Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. Seventeen putative factor structures (three 1-Factor, eight 2-Factor, and six 3-Factor) of the PSQI from the existing literature were selected for analysis. Fourteen models (82.35%) had almost similar values for model fit indices. Two models were misfits, and one model was a poor fit. The two misfit models incorporated gender and age as covariates. The third poor fit model was used to produce a unique path diagram, which made it distinct from the remaining 16 models. The overlapping values in the fit range of the model fit indices did not support the often projected heterogeneous factor structures of the PSQI for the vast majority of the models. 相似文献
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Cecilia PC Soh Alastair SR Donald James Feeney Walter TJ Morgan Winifred M Watkins 《Glycoconjugate journal》1989,6(3):319-332
The tetrasaccharides GalNAcß1-4[NeuAc2-3]Galß1-4Glc and GalNAcß1-4[NeuAc2-3]Galß1-4GlcNAc were synthesised by enzymic transfer of GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to 3-sialyllactose (NeuAc2-3Galß1-4Glc) and 3-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (NeuAc2-3Galß1-4GlcNAc). The structures of the products were established by methylation and1H-500 MHz NMR spectroscopy. In Sda serological tests the product formed with 3-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine was highly active whereas that formed with 3-sialyllactose had only weak activity. 相似文献
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Miriam YH Ueda Paulo G Alvarenga Juliana M Real Eloisa de Sá Moreira Aripuan? Watanabe Ana Maria Passos-Castilho Matheus Vescovi Yana Novis Vanderson Rocha Adriana Seber Jose SR Oliveira Celso A Rodrigues Celso FH Granato 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(4):461-467
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may cause severe complications after haematopoietic stem
cell transplantation (HSCT). Monitoring this virus and providing precise, rapid and
early diagnosis of related clinical diseases, constitute essential measures to
improve outcomes. A prospective survey on the incidence and clinical features of
HHV-6 infections after HSCT has not yet been conducted in Brazilian patients and the
impact of this infection on HSCT outcome remains unclear. A rapid test based on
real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been optimised to screen
and quantify clinical samples for HHV-6. The detection step was based on reaction
with TaqMan® hydrolysis probes. A set of previously described primers and
probes have been tested to evaluate efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility. The
target efficiency range was 91.4% with linearity ranging from 10-106
copies/reaction and a limit of detection of five copies/reaction or 250 copies/mL of
plasma. The qPCR assay developed in the present study was simple, rapid and
sensitive, allowing the detection of a wide range of HHV-6 loads. In conclusion, this
test may be useful as a practical tool to help elucidate the clinical relevance of
HHV-6 infection and reactivation in different scenarios and to determine the need for
surveillance. 相似文献
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Hardeland R Pandi-Perumal SR Cardinali DP 《The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology》2006,38(3):313-316
Melatonin, originally discovered as a hormone of the pineal gland, is produced by bacteria, protozoa, plants, fungi, invertebrates, and various extrapineal sites of vertebrates, including gut, skin, Harderian gland, and leukocytes. Biosynthetic pathways seem to be identical. Actions are pleiotropic, mediated by membrane and nuclear receptors, other binding sites or chemical interactions. Melatonin regulates the sleep/wake cycle, other circadian and seasonal rhythms, and acts as an immunostimulator and cytoprotective agent. Circulating melatonin is mostly 6-hydroxylated by hepatic P450 monooxygenases and excreted as 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. Pyrrole-ring cleavage is of higher importance in other tissues, especially the brain. The product, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, is formed by enzymatic, pseudoenzymatic, photocatalytic, and numerous free-radical reactions. Additional metabolites result from hydroxylation and nitrosation. The secondary metabolite, N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, supports mitochondrial function and downregulates cyclooxygenase 2. Antioxidative protection, safeguarding of mitochondrial electron flux, and in particular, neuroprotection, have been demonstrated in many experimental systems. Findings are encouraging to use melatonin as a sleep promoter and in preventing progression of neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
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David C Zappulla Arindel SR Maharaj Jessica J Connelly Rebecca A Jockusch Rolf Sternglanz 《BMC molecular biology》2006,7(1):40-12
Background
By screening a plasmid library for proteins that could cause silencing when targeted to the HMR locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we previously reported the identification of Rtt107/Esc4 based on its ability to establish silent chromatin. In this study we aimed to determine the mechanism of Rtt107/Esc4 targeted silencing and also learn more about its biological functions. 相似文献10.
Bharti VK Srivastava RS Malik JK Spence DW Pandi-Perumal SR Brown GM 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2012,68(2):237-245
In view of the significant health impact of oxidative stress and apoptosis dysfunction, and further, because of suggestions
that administration of antioxidants might reduce apoptosis rate through up-regulation of body antioxidant defense systems,
therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (PP at 100 μg/kg BW, i.p.) with melatonin (MEL at 10 mg/kg BW, i.p.) on blood (erythrocytes) antioxidant
defense system and apoptosis in isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes of female Wistar albino rats. The cell viability index
(%) and apoptosis index (%), which are directly related to the apoptosis rate of the cells, were used as dependent measures
for inferring PP and MEL activity. The total cell viability index did not differ between rats treated with MEL and PP from
control animals. The percentage of apoptotic cell death through fluorescence microscopy also did not change in MEL and PP
groups as compared with control. DNA fragmentation as an index of apoptosis was detected with propidium iodide staining and
assessed by flow cytometry. Pineal proteins and MEL administration caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in lipid peroxidation and increased level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and
glutathione in erythrocytes as compared with control. Interestingly, we did not observe increase in the non-viable cells and
percentage of apoptotic cell death in PP-treated group, controls or in animals in which MEL had been administered. Therefore,
the present study confirmed the up-regulation of erythrocytes (blood) antioxidant defense systems and absence of adverse effect
on rate of apoptosis in PP and MEL-administered rats under absence of stress or toxicant exposure. Hence, these test agents
can be tested for further therapeutic values against adverse apoptosis rate under stress or toxicants exposures. 相似文献